Nyumba ya Smart ndi nyumba ngati nsanja, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wama waya ophatikizika, ukadaulo wolumikizirana pa intaneti, ukadaulo wachitetezo, ukadaulo wowongolera, ukadaulo wamawu ndi makanema kuti aphatikizire malo okhudzana ndi moyo wapabanja, ndandanda yomanga nyumba zogwirira ntchito komanso dongosolo loyang'anira zochitika zabanja, kukonza chitetezo chanyumba, kumasuka, chitonthozo, luso, ndikuzindikira chitetezo cha chilengedwe komanso chilengedwe chopulumutsa mphamvu. Kutengera kutanthauzira kwaposachedwa kwa nyumba yanzeru, tchulani mawonekedwe aukadaulo wa ZigBee, kapangidwe kake kachitidwe kameneka, kofunikira mkati mwake muli dongosolo lanzeru kunyumba (smart home (chapakati) control system, system yowongolera kuyatsa kwanyumba, kachitidwe kachitetezo kunyumba), pamaziko a kulumikizana ndi dongosolo lamawaya apanyumba, dongosolo lanyumba lanyumba, dongosolo la nyimbo zakumbuyo komanso dongosolo lowongolera chilengedwe. Pa kutsimikizira amene amakhala mwanzeru, anaika zonse zofunika dongosolo kwathunthu yekha, ndi dongosolo banja kuti anaika optional dongosolo la mtundu umodzi ndi pamwamba osachepera angatchule nzeru moyo. Choncho, dongosolo lino angatchedwe wanzeru kunyumba.
1. System Design Scheme
Dongosololi limapangidwa ndi zida zoyendetsedwa ndi zida zowongolera kutali m'nyumba. Pakati pawo, zida zoyendetsedwa m'banja makamaka zimaphatikizapo makompyuta omwe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, malo olamulira, node yowunikira komanso woyang'anira zipangizo zapakhomo zomwe zingathe kuwonjezeredwa. Zida zowongolera zakutali zimapangidwa makamaka ndi makompyuta akutali ndi mafoni am'manja.
Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za dongosololi ndi: 1) tsamba loyamba la kusakatula masamba, kasamalidwe ka chidziwitso chakumbuyo; 2) Kuzindikira kusintha kwa zida zam'nyumba zamkati, chitetezo ndi kuyatsa kudzera pa intaneti ndi foni yam'manja; 3) Kudzera mu gawo la RFID kuzindikira chizindikiritso cha wogwiritsa ntchito, kuti mumalize kusinthana kwachitetezo chamkati, ngati kuba kudzera pa alamu ya SMS kwa wogwiritsa ntchito; 4) Kudzera mu pulogalamu yoyang'anira yayikulu yoyang'anira kuti mumalize kuyang'anira kwanu komanso kuwonetsera kwa magetsi apakati pa nyumba ndi nyumba; 5) Kusungirako zidziwitso zaumwini ndi kusungirako zida zamkati kumamalizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito nkhokwe. Ndikosavuta kuti ogwiritsa ntchito afunse momwe zida zamkati zilili kudzera mudongosolo lapakati ndi kasamalidwe.
2. Dongosolo la Hardware Design
Mapangidwe a hardware a dongosololi akuphatikizapo mapangidwe a malo olamulira, malo owonetsetsa ndi kuonjezera mwachisawawa chowongolera zipangizo zapakhomo (tengani chitsanzo chowongolera magetsi).
2.1 The Control Center
Ntchito zazikulu za malo olamulira ndi awa: 1) Kumanga makina opanda zingwe a ZigBee, onjezerani node zonse zowunikira pa intaneti, ndikuzindikira kulandira zipangizo zatsopano; 2) chizindikiritso cha wogwiritsa ntchito, wogwiritsa ntchito kunyumba kapena kumbuyo kudzera pa kirediti kadi kuti akwaniritse zosintha zachitetezo chamkati; 3) Wakuba akalowa m'chipindamo, tumizani uthenga wachidule kwa wogwiritsa ntchito kuti achenjeze. Ogwiritsa ntchito amathanso kuwongolera chitetezo cham'nyumba, kuyatsa ndi zida zapanyumba kudzera mu mauthenga achidule; 4) Pamene dongosolo likuyenda lokha, LCD imasonyeza momwe zilili panopa, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuti ogwiritsa ntchito aziwona; 5) Sungani zida zamagetsi ndikuzitumiza ku PC kuti muzindikire dongosolo pa intaneti.
Ma hardware amathandizira Carrier sense multiple access/Collision kuzindikira (CSMA/CA). Mphamvu yamagetsi ya 2.0 ~ 3.6V imathandizira kutsika kwamphamvu kwadongosolo. Khazikitsani netiweki ya ZigBee ya nyenyezi yopanda zingwe m'nyumba mwa kulumikiza ku gawo la ZigBee coordinator mu malo owongolera. Ndipo ma node onse oyang'anira, osankhidwa kuti awonjezere chowongolera chazida zapanyumba ngati njira yolumikizira netiweki kuti agwirizane ndi netiweki, kuti azindikire kuwongolera kwaukonde kwa ZigBee kwachitetezo chamkati ndi zida zapanyumba.
2.2 Ma Node Monitoring
Ntchito za node yowunikira ndi izi: 1) kudziwika kwa zizindikiro za thupi laumunthu, phokoso la phokoso ndi kuwala pamene akuba akuwukira; 2) kuwongolera kuyatsa, mawonekedwe owongolera amagawidwa kukhala kuwongolera zodziwikiratu ndi kuwongolera kwamanja, kuwongolera zodziwikiratu ndi / kuzimitsa kuwala molingana ndi mphamvu ya kuwala kwamkati, kuwongolera kuwongolera kwapamanja kumadutsa dongosolo lapakati, (3) chidziwitso cha alamu ndi zidziwitso zina zotumizidwa ku likulu lowongolera, ndikulandila malamulo owongolera kuchokera kugawo lowongolera kuti amalize kuwongolera zida.
Njira yodziwira ma infrared kuphatikiza ma microwave ndiyo njira yodziwika kwambiri pakuzindikira ma sign a thupi la munthu. The pyroelectric infrared probe ndi RE200B, ndipo chipangizo chokulitsa ndi BISS0001. RE200B imayendetsedwa ndi magetsi a 3-10 V ndipo imakhala ndi ma pyroelectric dual-sensitive infrared element. Chinthuchi chikalandira kuwala kwa infrared, photoelectric effect idzachitika pamitengo ya chinthu chilichonse ndipo mtengowo udzaunjikana. BISS0001 ndi digito-analog hybrid asIC yopangidwa ndi amplifier yogwira ntchito, comparator voltage, controller state, kuchedwetsa nthawi komanso kutsekereza nthawi. Pamodzi ndi RE200B ndi zigawo zingapo, chosinthira cha pyroelectric infuraredi chingapangidwe. Ant-g100 module idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sensa ya microwave, ma frequency apakati anali 10 GHz, ndipo nthawi yayitali yokhazikitsidwa inali 6μs. Kuphatikizidwa ndi pyroelectric infrared module, chiwopsezo chazomwe chandamale chikhoza kuchepetsedwa bwino.
Module yowongolera kuwala imapangidwa makamaka ndi photosensitive resistor ndi relay control control. Lumikizani chopinga cha photosensitive mu mndandanda ndi chosinthira chosinthika cha 10 K ω, kenako gwirizanitsani mbali ina ya chopinga cha photosensitive pansi, ndikulumikiza mbali ina ya chopinga chosinthika kumtunda wapamwamba. Mtengo wamagetsi wamagawo awiri olumikizira kukana umapezeka kudzera pa SCM analog-to-digital converter kuti muwone ngati kuwala kwapano kwayaka. Kukaniza kosinthika kungasinthidwe ndi wogwiritsa ntchito kuti akwaniritse kuwala kowala pamene kuwala kumangoyatsidwa. Zosinthira zowunikira m'nyumba zimayendetsedwa ndi ma relay. Doko limodzi lokha lolowetsa/zotulutsa lingapezeke.
2.3 Sankhani Added Home Appliance Controller
Sankhani kuwonjezera kuwongolera kwa zida zapanyumba makamaka molingana ndi ntchito ya chipangizocho kuti mukwaniritse kuwongolera kwa chipangizocho, apa ndi fani yamagetsi mwachitsanzo. Kuwongolera kwa mafani ndi malo owongolera adzakhala malangizo a PC zimakupiza owongolera omwe amatumizidwa kwa wowongolera zamagetsi kudzera pa kukhazikitsa maukonde a ZigBee, nambala yozindikiritsa zida zosiyanasiyana ndi yosiyana, mwachitsanzo, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi nambala yodziwika bwino ya 122, chizindikiritso chamtundu wamtundu wa TV ndi 123, motero kuzindikira kuzindikira kwapakati pazida zamagetsi zamagetsi zapanyumba. Kwa code yofanana ya malangizo, zida zosiyanasiyana zapakhomo zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Chithunzi 4 chikuwonetsa mapangidwe a zida zapakhomo zomwe zasankhidwa kuti ziwonjezedwe.
3. Mapangidwe a mapulogalamu a dongosolo
Mapangidwe a pulogalamu yamapulogalamu amaphatikiza magawo asanu ndi limodzi, omwe ndi kapangidwe ka tsamba lakutali, kapangidwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.
3.1 Mapangidwe a pulogalamu ya ZigBee Coordinator
Wogwirizanitsa amamaliza kaye zoyambira, ndikukhazikitsa gawo la pulogalamuyo ndikulandila dziko kukhala lopanda pake, kenako amayatsa zosokoneza padziko lonse lapansi ndikuyambitsa doko la I/O. Kenako wogwirizanitsa akuyamba kupanga netiweki ya nyenyezi yopanda zingwe. Mu protocol, wogwirizira amasankha basi gulu la 2.4 GHz, kuchuluka kwa ma bits pamphindikati ndi 62 500, PANID yosasinthika ndi 0 × 1347, kuya kwa stack ndi 5, kuchuluka kwa ma byte pakutumiza ndi 93, ndipo serial port baud rate ndi 57 600 bit/s. SL0W TIMER imapanga zosokoneza 10 pamphindikati. Network ya ZigBee itakhazikitsidwa bwino, wogwirizanitsa amatumiza adilesi yake ku MCU ya malo owongolera. Pano, malo olamulira a MCU amazindikiritsa Wogwirizanitsa ZigBee monga membala wa node yowunikira, ndipo adiresi yake yodziwika ndi 0. Pulogalamuyi imalowa muzitsulo zazikulu. Choyamba, dziwani ngati pali deta yatsopano yotumizidwa ndi node yotsiriza, ngati ilipo, deta imatumizidwa mwachindunji ku MCU ya malo olamulira; Dziwani ngati MCU ya malo owongolera ili ndi malangizo omwe atumizidwa, ngati ndi choncho, tumizani malangizowo ku node yofananira ya ZigBee; Weruzani ngati chitetezo chatseguka, ngati pali wakuba, ngati ndi choncho, tumizani chidziwitso cha alamu ku MCU ya malo olamulira; Kuweruza ngati kuwala kuli mu boma kulamulira basi, ngati ndi choncho, kuyatsa analogi-to-digito Converter kwa zitsanzo, sampuli mtengo ndi chinsinsi kuyatsa kapena kuzimitsa kuwala, ngati dziko kuwala kusintha, latsopano boma zambiri imafalitsidwa kwa ulamuliro pakati MC-U.
3.2 ZigBee Terminal Node Programming
ZigBee terminal node imatanthawuza nodi ya ZigBee yopanda zingwe yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi wogwirizanitsa wa ZigBee. M'dongosololi, makamaka ndi njira yowunikira komanso kuwonjezera kwa zida zapanyumba. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma terminal a ZigBee kumaphatikizanso kuyambika kwa ntchito, kusokoneza kutsegulira, ndikuyambitsa madoko a I/O. Kenako yesani kujowina netiweki ya ZigBee. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ma node omaliza okhala ndi ZigBee coordinator khwekhwe ndi omwe amaloledwa kujowina netiweki. Ngati node ya ZigBee ikalephera kujowina netiweki, imayesanso masekondi awiri aliwonse mpaka italowa bwino pa intaneti. Pambuyo polowa nawo pa intaneti bwino, ZI-Gbee terminal node imatumiza zidziwitso zake zolembetsa kwa ZigBee Coordinator, zomwe zimatumiza ku MCU ya malo owongolera kuti amalize kulembetsa node ya ZigBee. Ngati node ya ZigBee ndi njira yowunikira, imatha kuzindikira kuwongolera ndi chitetezo. Pulogalamuyi ndi yofanana ndi wogwirizanitsa ZigBee, kupatula kuti node yowunikira iyenera kutumiza deta kwa wogwirizanitsa ZigBee, ndiyeno ZigBee Coordinator amatumiza deta ku MCU ya malo olamulira. Ngati ZigBee terminal node ndi wowongolera magetsi, imangofunika kulandira zidziwitso zamakompyuta apamwamba popanda kukweza boma, kotero kuwongolera kwake kumatha kumalizidwa mwachindunji pakusokoneza kwa data opanda zingwe. M'magawo opanda zingwe omwe amalandira kusokonezedwa, ma terminal node onse amamasulira malangizo owongolera omwe alandilidwa m'magawo owongolera a node yokha, ndipo samakonza malangizo omwe alandilidwa opanda zingwe mu pulogalamu yayikulu ya node.
4 Kuwongolera pa intaneti
Kuwonjezeka kwa malangizo a malangizo a zida zokhazikika operekedwa ndi dongosolo lapakati kasamalidwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kamwendomwemwemwemwemwemwemwemwemwekitaka kuyi lugha zimakhalira kupangitsira kuzikhala koyenera Node yotsiriza ikalandira deta, deta imatumizidwa ku PC kudzera pa doko lachinsinsi kachiwiri. Pa PC iyi, zomwe zalandilidwa ndi node ya ZigBee zimafananizidwa ndi zomwe zimatumizidwa ndi malo olamulira. Dongosolo lowongolera lapakati limatumiza malangizo a 2 mphindi iliyonse. Pambuyo pa kuyesedwa kwa maola a 5, pulogalamu yoyesera imayima pamene ikuwonetsa kuti chiwerengero chonse cha mapaketi omwe analandira ndi mapaketi a 36,000. Zotsatira za mayeso a pulogalamu yoyezetsa kufalitsa deta yamitundu yambiri ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 6. Chiwerengero cha mapaketi olondola ndi 36 000, chiwerengero cha mapaketi olakwika ndi 0, ndipo chiwerengero cholondola ndi 100%.
Ukadaulo wa ZigBee umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira maukonde amkati a nyumba yanzeru, yomwe ili ndi maubwino owongolera kutali, kusinthasintha kwa zida zatsopano komanso magwiridwe antchito odalirika. Ukadaulo wa RFTD umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira chizindikiritso cha ogwiritsa ntchito ndikuwongolera chitetezo chadongosolo. Kudzera pakupeza gawo la GSM, zowongolera zakutali ndi ntchito za alamu zimakwaniritsidwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-06-2022