Nyumba yanzeru ndi nyumba ngati nsanja, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wolumikizirana ndi mawaya, ukadaulo wolumikizirana ndi maukonde, ukadaulo wachitetezo, ukadaulo wowongolera wokha, ukadaulo wamawu ndi makanema kuti uphatikize malo ogwirira ntchito zapakhomo, kukonza mapulani omanga nyumba zogwirira ntchito bwino komanso kayendetsedwe ka nkhani zapabanja, kukonza chitetezo chapakhomo, kumasuka, chitonthozo, luso, komanso kuteteza chilengedwe komanso malo okhala osawononga mphamvu. Kutengera tanthauzo laposachedwa la nyumba yanzeru, onani mawonekedwe a ukadaulo wa ZigBee, kapangidwe ka dongosololi, chofunikira chili ndi dongosolo lanyumba lanzeru (dongosolo lowongolera nyumba yanzeru (pakati), dongosolo lowongolera kuunikira kwapakhomo, machitidwe achitetezo apakhomo), kutengera dongosolo lolumikizirana ndi mawaya apakhomo, dongosolo la netiweki yapakhomo, dongosolo lanyimbo zakumbuyo ndi dongosolo lowongolera chilengedwe chabanja. Pakutsimikizira kuti moyo munzeru, makina onse ofunikira okha ndi omwe adayikidwa, ndipo makina apakhomo omwe adayika makina osankha amtundu umodzi kapena kuposerapo amatha kutcha moyo wanzeru. Chifukwa chake, dongosololi likhoza kutchedwa nyumba yanzeru.
1. Ndondomeko Yopangira Kapangidwe ka Dongosolo
Dongosololi limapangidwa ndi zipangizo zowongolera ndi zida zowongolera kutali m'nyumba. Pakati pawo, zipangizo zowongolera m'banjamo makamaka zimaphatikizapo kompyuta yomwe imatha kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, malo owongolera, malo owunikira ndi chowongolera cha zida zapakhomo chomwe chingawonjezedwe. Zipangizo zowongolera kutali makamaka zimapangidwa ndi makompyuta akutali ndi mafoni am'manja.
Ntchito zazikulu za dongosololi ndi izi: 1) tsamba loyamba la tsamba lawebusayiti, kasamalidwe ka chidziwitso chakumbuyo; 2) Kuzindikira kuwongolera kwa switch ya zida zapakhomo zamkati, chitetezo ndi magetsi kudzera pa intaneti ndi foni yam'manja; 3) Kudzera mu RFID module kuti mudziwe kuzindikira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, kuti amalize switch yachitetezo chamkati, ngati kuba kudzera mu SMS alamu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito; 4) Kudzera mu pulogalamu yapakati yowongolera kuti amalize kuwonetsa kwamaloko kwa magetsi amkati ndi zida zapakhomo; 5) Kusunga zambiri zaumwini ndi kusungirako zinthu zamkati kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito database. Ndikosavuta kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kufunsa momwe zida zamkati zilili kudzera mu dongosolo lapakati lowongolera ndi kasamalidwe.
2. Kapangidwe ka Zipangizo Zamakina
Kapangidwe ka zida za makinawa kakuphatikizapo kapangidwe ka malo owongolera, malo owunikira komanso kuwonjezera kosankha kwa chowongolera cha zida zapakhomo (tengani chowongolera cha fan chamagetsi mwachitsanzo).
2.1 Malo Olamulira
Ntchito zazikulu za malo owongolera ndi izi: 1) Kupanga netiweki ya ZigBee yopanda zingwe, kuwonjezera ma node onse owunikira pa netiweki, ndikuzindikira kulandira zida zatsopano; 2) kuzindikira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, wogwiritsa ntchito kunyumba kapena kubwerera kudzera pa khadi la ogwiritsa ntchito kuti akwaniritse kusintha kwachitetezo chamkati; 3) Wakuba akalowa mchipindamo, tumizani uthenga waufupi kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kuti akuchenjezeni. Ogwiritsa ntchito amathanso kuwongolera chitetezo chamkati, magetsi ndi zida zapakhomo kudzera mu mauthenga afupiafupi; 4) Pamene makinawo akugwira ntchito okha, LCD imawonetsa momwe makinawo alili, zomwe ndizosavuta kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kuwona; 5) Sungani momwe zida zamagetsi zilili ndikuzitumiza ku PC kuti zigwire ntchito pa intaneti.
Zipangizozi zimathandiza kuti Carrier sense multiple access/Collision detection (CSMA/CA). Voliyumu yogwira ntchito ya 2.0 ~ 3.6V imapangitsa kuti makina azigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa. Khazikitsani netiweki ya nyenyezi ya ZigBee yopanda zingwe mkati mwa makina polumikiza ku gawo la ZigBee coordinator mu control center. Ndipo ma node onse owunikira, osankhidwa kuti awonjezere chowongolera cha zida zapakhomo ngati node yolumikizira netiweki kuti igwirizane ndi netiweki, kuti ikwaniritse kuwongolera kwa netiweki ya ZigBee yopanda zingwe yachitetezo chamkati ndi zida zapakhomo.
2.2 Malo Oyang'anira
Ntchito za malo owunikira ndi izi: 1) kuzindikira zizindikiro za thupi la munthu, phokoso ndi alamu yowunikira pamene akuba akulowa; 2) kulamulira magetsi, njira yowongolera imagawidwa mu kulamulira kodziyimira pawokha ndi kulamulira pamanja, kulamulira kodziyimira pawokha kumayatsa/kuzimitsa kuwala kokha malinga ndi mphamvu ya kuwala kwamkati, kulamulira kodziyimira pawokha kumayendetsedwa kudzera mu dongosolo lolamulira lapakati, (3) chidziwitso cha alamu ndi zina zomwe zimatumizidwa ku malo owongolera, ndipo zimalandira malamulo owongolera kuchokera ku malo owongolera kuti amalize kulamulira zida.
Njira yodziwira ma infrared plus microwave ndiyo njira yodziwika kwambiri yodziwira zizindikiro za thupi la munthu. Chofufuzira cha infrared cha pyroelectric ndi RE200B, ndipo chipangizo chowonjezera mphamvu ndi BISS0001. RE200B imayendetsedwa ndi magetsi a 3-10 V ndipo ili ndi chinthu cha infrared cha pyroelectric chobisika mkati. Chinthucho chikalandira kuwala kwa infrared, mphamvu ya photoelectric idzachitika pamizere ya chinthu chilichonse ndipo mphamvu idzasonkhana. BISS0001 ndi digito-analog hybrid asIC yopangidwa ndi amplifier yogwira ntchito, woyerekeza magetsi, wolamulira wa boma, nthawi yochedwetsa nthawi ndi nthawi yotseka nthawi. Pamodzi ndi RE200B ndi zigawo zingapo, switch ya infrared ya pyroelectric passive ikhoza kupangidwa. Module ya Ant-g100 idagwiritsidwa ntchito pa sensa ya microwave, pafupipafupi yapakati inali 10 GHz, ndipo nthawi yayitali yokhazikitsa inali 6μs. Kuphatikiza ndi module ya infrared ya pyroelectric, kuchuluka kwa zolakwika pakuzindikira cholinga kumatha kuchepetsedwa bwino.
Gawo lowongolera kuwala limapangidwa makamaka ndi resistor yowunikira kuwala ndi relay yowongolera kuwala. Lumikizani resistor yowunikira kuwala motsatizana ndi resistor yosinthika ya 10 K ω, kenako lumikizani mbali ina ya resistor yowunikira kuwala pansi, ndikulumikiza mbali ina ya resistor yosinthika ku mulingo wapamwamba. Mtengo wamagetsi wa malo awiri olumikizirana otsutsana umapezeka kudzera mu SCM analog-to-digital converter kuti mudziwe ngati kuwala kwamakono kuli koyatsidwa. Kukana kosinthika kumatha kusinthidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito kuti akwaniritse mphamvu ya kuwala pamene kuwala kwangoyatsidwa. Ma switch amagetsi amkati amawongoleredwa ndi ma relay. Cholowera/chotulutsa chimodzi chokha ndi chomwe chingapezeke.
2.3 Sankhani Chowongolera Zipangizo Zapakhomo Chowonjezeredwa
Sankhani kuwonjezera ulamuliro wa zipangizo zapakhomo makamaka malinga ndi ntchito ya chipangizocho kuti mukwaniritse ulamuliro wa chipangizocho, apa ku fan yamagetsi mwachitsanzo. Kulamulira kwa fan ndi malo olamulira adzakhala malangizo owongolera fan ya PC otumizidwa kwa wowongolera fan yamagetsi kudzera mu kukhazikitsa kwa netiweki ya ZigBee, nambala yodziwika ya zida zosiyanasiyana ndi yosiyana, mwachitsanzo, zomwe zili mu mgwirizanowu nambala yodziwika ya fan ndi 122, nambala yodziwika ya TV yamtundu wakunyumba ndi 123, motero kuzindikira malo osiyanasiyana owongolera zida zamagetsi zapakhomo. Pa code yolangizira yomweyi, zida zosiyanasiyana zapakhomo zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Chithunzi 4 chikuwonetsa kapangidwe ka zida zapakhomo zomwe zasankhidwa kuti ziwonjezedwe.
3. Kupanga mapulogalamu a dongosolo
Kapangidwe ka mapulogalamu a dongosololi kamakhala ndi magawo asanu ndi limodzi, omwe ndi kapangidwe ka tsamba lawebusayiti lowongolera kutali, kapangidwe ka makina oyang'anira owongolera pakati, kapangidwe ka pulogalamu yayikulu yowongolera pakati pa malo owongolera ATMegal28, kapangidwe ka pulogalamu yogwirizanitsa CC2430, kapangidwe ka pulogalamu yowunikira ya CC2430, kapangidwe ka pulogalamu yowonjezera ya chipangizo cha CC2430.
3.1 Kapangidwe ka pulogalamu ya Wogwirizanitsa ZigBee
Wogwirizanitsa amayamba ndi kutsiriza kuyambitsa gawo la pulogalamu, kukhazikitsa momwe gawo la pulogalamu limakhalira ndikulandira momwe zinthu zilili, kenako amayatsa zosokoneza zapadziko lonse ndikuyambitsa doko la I/O. Wogwirizanitsayo amayamba kupanga netiweki ya nyenyezi yopanda zingwe. Mu protocol, wogwirizanitsayo amasankha yokha gulu la 2.4 GHz, chiwerengero chachikulu cha ma bits pa sekondi ndi 62 500, PANID yokhazikika ndi 0×1347, kuya kwakukulu kwa stack ndi 5, chiwerengero chachikulu cha ma byte pa kutumiza ndi 93, ndipo chiwongola dzanja cha serial port baud ndi 57 600 bit/s. SL0W TIMER imapanga zosokoneza 10 pa sekondi. Network ya ZigBee ikakhazikitsidwa bwino, wogwirizanitsayo amatumiza adilesi yake ku MCU ya malo owongolera. Apa, malo owongolera MCU amazindikira Wogwirizanitsa ZigBee ngati membala wa node yowunikira, ndipo adilesi yake yodziwika ndi 0. Pulogalamuyi imalowa mu loop yayikulu. Choyamba, dziwani ngati pali deta yatsopano yotumizidwa ndi node yolumikizira, ngati ilipo, deta imatumizidwa mwachindunji ku MCU ya malo owongolera; Dziwani ngati MCU ya malo owongolera ili ndi malangizo omwe atumizidwa, ngati ndi choncho, tumizani malangizowo ku node yolumikizirana ya ZigBee; dziwani ngati chitetezo chili chotseguka, ngati pali wakuba, ngati ndi choncho, tumizani zambiri za alamu ku MCU ya malo owongolera; dziwani ngati kuwala kuli mu mkhalidwe wowongolera wokha, ngati ndi choncho, yatsani chosinthira cha analog-to-digital kuti chiperekedwe, mtengo wa zitsanzo ndiye kiyi yoyatsira kapena kuzimitsa kuwala, ngati mkhalidwe wa kuwala usintha, zambiri za momwe zinthu zilili zimatumizidwa ku malo owongolera MC-U.
3.2 Pulogalamu ya ZigBee Terminal Node
Chigawo cha ZigBee cholumikizira magetsi chimatanthauza chigawo cha ZigBee chopanda waya chomwe chimayendetsedwa ndi wogwirizanitsa wa ZigBee. Mu dongosololi, makamaka ndi chigawo chowunikira komanso kuwonjezera chowongolera cha zida zapakhomo. Kuyambitsa ma chigawo cha ZigBee cholumikizira magetsi kumaphatikizaponso kuyambitsa magawo a ntchito, kusokoneza kutsegula, ndi kuyambitsa ma I/O ports. Kenako yesani kulowa mu netiweki ya ZigBee. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ma chigawo chakumapeto okha omwe ali ndi ZigBee coordinator setting ndi omwe amaloledwa kulowa mu netiweki. Ngati chigawo cha ZigBee cholumikizira magetsi chalephera kulowa mu netiweki, chidzayesanso masekondi awiri aliwonse mpaka chilowe mu netiweki bwino. Pambuyo polowa mu netiweki bwino, chigawo cha ZI-Gbee cholumikizira magetsi chimatumiza zambiri zake zolembetsa kwa Wogwirizanitsa wa ZigBee, yemwe kenako amatumiza ku MCU ya malo owongolera kuti amalize kulembetsa chigawo cha ZigBee cholumikizira magetsi. Ngati chigawo cha ZigBee cholumikizira magetsi ndi chigawo chowunikira magetsi, chimatha kuzindikira kuwongolera kwa kuwala ndi chitetezo. Pulogalamuyi ndi yofanana ndi ya ZigBee coordinator, kupatula kuti node yowunikira imafunika kutumiza deta kwa wogwirizanitsa wa ZigBee, kenako Wogwirizanitsa wa ZigBee amatumiza deta ku MCU ya malo owongolera. Ngati node yolumikizira ya ZigBee ndi chowongolera cha fan chamagetsi, imangofunika kulandira deta ya kompyuta yapamwamba popanda kukweza momwe zinthu zilili, kotero kuwongolera kwake kumatha kumalizidwa mwachindunji pakusokoneza kulandira deta yopanda zingwe. Pakusokoneza kulandira deta yopanda zingwe, ma node onse olumikizira amamasulira malangizo owongolera olandiridwa kukhala magawo owongolera a node yokha, ndipo sagwiritsa ntchito malangizo opanda zingwe olandiridwa mu pulogalamu yayikulu ya node.
4 Kukonza Ma Bug pa Intaneti
Malangizo owonjezereka a khodi yophunzitsira ya zida zokhazikika zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi dongosolo loyang'anira zowongolera zapakati amatumizidwa ku MCU ya malo owongolera kudzera pa doko lozungulira la kompyuta, ndi kwa wogwirizanitsa kudzera pa mawonekedwe a mizere iwiri, kenako ku node yolumikizira ya ZigBee ndi wogwirizanitsa. Pamene node yolumikizira imalandira deta, deta imatumizidwa ku PC kudzera pa doko lozungulira kachiwiri. Pa PC iyi, deta yolandiridwa ndi node yolumikizira ya ZigBee imayerekezeredwa ndi deta yotumizidwa ndi malo owongolera. Dongosolo loyang'anira zowongolera zapakati limatumiza malangizo awiri sekondi iliyonse. Pambuyo pa maola 5 oyesa, pulogalamu yoyesera imayima ikawonetsa kuti chiwerengero chonse cha mapaketi olandiridwa ndi mapaketi 36,000. Zotsatira za mayeso a pulogalamu yoyesera yotumizira deta ya protocol yambiri zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 6. Chiwerengero cha mapaketi olondola ndi 36,000, chiwerengero cha mapaketi olakwika ndi 0, ndipo kulondola ndi 100%.
Ukadaulo wa ZigBee umagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza nyumba zanzeru mkati, zomwe zili ndi ubwino wowongolera kutali mosavuta, kuwonjezera zida zatsopano mosavuta komanso magwiridwe antchito odalirika. Ukadaulo wa RFTD umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira ogwiritsa ntchito ndikuwonjezera chitetezo cha makina. Kudzera mu GSM module, ntchito zowongolera kutali ndi alamu zimachitika.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-06-2022