Momwe Mungayikitsire Mamita Oletsa Kubwerera M'mbuyo (Zero-Export) mu PV Systems - Buku Lokwanira

Chiyambi

Pamene kugwiritsa ntchito photovoltaic (PV) kukuchulukirachulukira, mapulojekiti ambiri akukumana ndi mavutozofunikira zosatumiza kunja. Mabungwe amagetsi nthawi zambiri amaletsa mphamvu ya dzuwa yochulukirapo kubwerera mu gridi, makamaka m'malo omwe ali ndi ma transformer odzaza, ufulu wosadziwika bwino wolumikizira gridi, kapena malamulo okhwima okhudza mphamvu yamagetsi. Bukuli likufotokoza momwe mungayikitsirezoyezera mphamvu zotsutsana ndi kubwerera m'mbuyo (zosatumiza kunja), mayankho ofunikira omwe alipo, ndi makonzedwe oyenera a kukula ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za makina a PV.

1. Mfundo Zofunika Kuziganizira Musanayike

Zochitika Zofunikira Zosatumiza Zinthu Kunja

• Kuchuluka kwa transformer: Pamene ma transformer am'deralo akugwira kale ntchito pa mphamvu zambiri, mphamvu yobwerera m'mbuyo ingayambitse kupitirira muyeso, kupunthwa, kapena kulephera kwa zida.

• Kudzigwiritsa ntchito wekha kokha (kutumiza kunja kwa gridi sikuloledwa)Mapulojekiti opanda chilolezo cholowera mu gridi ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse zopangidwa m'deralo.

• Chitetezo cha khalidwe la mphamvu: Mphamvu yobwerera m'mbuyo ikhoza kuyambitsa zigawo za DC, ma harmonics, kapena katundu wosalinganika, zomwe zimachepetsa ubwino wa gridi.

Mndandanda Woyang'anira Usanayambe Kuyika

• Kugwirizana kwa chipangizo: Onetsetsani kuti mphamvu ya mita ikugwirizana ndi kukula kwa makina a PV (gawo limodzi ≤8kW, magawo atatu >8kW). Chongani kulumikizana kwa inverter (RS485 kapena yofanana nayo).

• Zachilengedwe: Pakuyika panja, konzani malo otchingira omwe sawononga nyengo. Pa makina ambiri osinthira magetsi, konzani mawaya a basi a RS485 kapena ma concentrator a data a Ethernet.

• Kutsatira malamulo ndi chitetezo: Tsimikizani malo olumikizirana ndi gridi ndi chida, ndipo onetsetsani kuti mulingo wonyamula ukugwirizana ndi kupanga kwa PV komwe kukuyembekezeka.

2. Mayankho a Core Zero-Export

Yankho 1: Kuchepetsa Mphamvu kudzera mu Inverter Control

• Mfundo yaikulu: Chiyeso chanzeru chimayesa njira yamagetsi yeniyeni. Pamene kuyenda kwa magetsi kumbuyo kwapezeka, chipangizocho chimalumikizana kudzera mu RS485 (kapena ma protocol ena) ndi inverter, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu yake yotulutsa mpaka kutumiza = 0.

• Mabokosi ogwiritsira ntchito: Malo odzaza ndi transformer, mapulojekiti odzigwiritsira ntchito okha okhala ndi katundu wokhazikika.

• Ubwino: Yosavuta, yotsika mtengo, yachangu, palibe chifukwa chosungira.

Yankho lachiwiri: Kutengera katundu kapena Kusunga Mphamvu

• Mfundo yaikulu: Chida choyezera magetsi chimawunika mphamvu yamagetsi pamalo olumikizira magetsi. M'malo mochepetsa mphamvu ya inverter, mphamvu yochulukirapo imasinthidwa kupita ku makina osungira kapena ku zinyalala (monga zotenthetsera, zida zamafakitale).

• Mabokosi ogwiritsira ntchitoMapulojekiti okhala ndi katundu wosiyanasiyana kwambiri, kapena komwe kukulitsa kupanga ma PV ndikofunikira kwambiri.

• Ubwino: Ma inverter amakhala mu MPPT mode, mphamvu sizimawonongeka, ROI ya dongosolo imakhala yokwera.

3. Zochitika Zokhazikitsa Potengera Kukula kwa Dongosolo

Makina Osinthira Zinthu Pamodzi (≤100 kW)

• Kapangidwe: Inverter imodzi + mita imodzi yanzeru yozungulira mbali zonse ziwiri.

• Malo oyezera mitaPakati pa inverter AC output ndi main breaker. Palibe katundu wina amene ayenera kulumikizidwa pakati.

• Kuyitanitsa mawaya: PV inverter → Ma Current Transformers (ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito) → Smart power meter → Main breaker → Local loads / Grid.

• Malingaliro: Chiyesocho chimayesa njira ndi mphamvu, kenako chosinthira magetsi chimakonza zotuluka kuti zigwirizane ndi katundu.

• Phindu: Kulumikiza mawaya kosavuta, mtengo wotsika, yankho lachangu.

Makina Osinthira Zinthu Zambiri (>100 kW)

• Kapangidwe: Ma inverter angapo + mita imodzi yamagetsi yanzeru + chosungira deta chimodzi.

• Malo oyezera mita: Pa malo olumikizirana a gridi wamba (zotulutsa zonse za inverter zikuphatikizidwa).

• Kulumikiza mawaya: Zotulutsa za Inverter → Busbar → Bidirectional meter → Data concentrator → Main breaker → Grid/Loads.

• Malingaliro: Chosungira deta chimasonkhanitsa deta ya mita ndikugawa malamulo kwa inverter iliyonse molingana.

• Phindu: Yosinthika, yolamulira pakati, yosinthasintha ma parameter.

4. Kukhazikitsa mu Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Mapulojekiti

Mapulojekiti Odzigwiritsira Ntchito Pokhapokha

• Chofunikira: Kutumiza kunja kwa gridi sikuloledwa.

• Malo oyezera mitaPakati pa chotulutsira AC cha inverter ndi chotsegula katundu chapafupi. Palibe chosinthira cholumikizira gridi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

• Cheke: Yesani pakupanga kwathunthu popanda katundu — inverter iyenera kuchepetsa mphamvu kufika pa zero.

Mapulojekiti Okhutitsa Transformer

• Chofunikira: Kulumikizana kwa gridi ndikololedwa, koma mphamvu yobwerera m'mbuyo yoletsedwa mwamphamvu.

• Malo oyezera mitaPakati pa chotulutsira cha inverter ndi chosweka cholumikizira cha gridi.

• MalingaliroNgati mphamvu yobwerera m'mbuyo yapezeka, inverter imaletsa kutulutsa mphamvu; monga chosungira, ma breaker amatha kutsekedwa kuti apewe kupsinjika kwa transformer.

Mapulojekiti Odzigwiritsira Ntchito Payekha + Kutumiza Ma Gridi Kunja

• ChofunikiraKutumiza kunja kwaloledwa, koma kuli ndi malire.

• Kukhazikitsa mita: Mita yoletsa kutembenukira m'mbuyo yayikidwa motsatizana ndi mita yolipirira ya kampaniyi.

• Malingaliro: Choyezera choletsa kubwereranso chimaletsa kutumiza kunja; kokha ngati chalephera, ndiye kuti choyezera chamagetsi chimalemba zomwe zalowa.

5. Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Q1: Kodi mita yokha imaletsa kuyenda kwa magetsi mobwerera m'mbuyo?
Ayi. Chidacho chimayesa njira yamagetsi ndipo chimaipereka lipoti. Chosinthira mphamvu kapena chowongolera chimachita zomwe chikuchita.

Q2: Kodi dongosololi lingachitepo kanthu mofulumira bwanji?
Kawirikawiri mkati mwa masekondi 1-2, kutengera liwiro la kulumikizana ndi firmware ya inverter.

Q3: Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani mukalephera kugwiritsa ntchito netiweki?
Kulankhulana kwanuko (RS485 kapena kuwongolera mwachindunji) kumatsimikizira chitetezo chopitilira ngakhale popanda intaneti.

Q4: Kodi mamita awa angagwire ntchito mu makina ogawanika (120/240V)?
Inde, mitundu ina yapangidwa kuti igwire ntchito yogawa magawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku North America.

Mapeto

Kusatsatira malamulo okhudza kutumiza kunja kwa dziko kwakhala kofunikira m'mapulojekiti ambiri a PV. Mwa kuyika mita yamagetsi yanzeru yotsutsana ndi kubwerera m'mbuyo pamalo oyenera ndikuiphatikiza ndi ma inverter, zida zotayira, kapena malo osungira,Ma EPC, makontrakitala, ndi opanga mapulogalamuimatha kupereka makina odalirika komanso otsatira malamulo a dzuwa. Mayankho awa si okhawotetezani gridikomansokukulitsa kudzigwiritsa ntchito nokha komanso phindu la ndalamakwa ogwiritsa ntchito.