Chitsime: Ulink Media
Mu nthawi ya pambuyo pa mliri, timakhulupirira kuti masensa a infrared ndi ofunikira tsiku lililonse. Pakuyenda, tiyenera kuyeza kutentha mobwerezabwereza tisanafike komwe tikupita. Monga muyeso wa kutentha wokhala ndi masensa ambiri a infrared, kwenikweni, pali maudindo ambiri ofunikira. Kenako, tiyeni tiwone bwino sensa ya infrared.
Mau Oyamba a Masensa a Infrared
Chilichonse chomwe chili pamwamba pa zero (-273°C) chimatulutsa mphamvu ya infrared nthawi zonse m'malo ozungulira, titero kunena kwake. Ndipo sensor ya infrared, imatha kumva mphamvu ya infrared ya chinthucho ndikuchisintha kukhala zigawo zamagetsi. Sensor ya infrared imakhala ndi dongosolo la optical, detective element ndi conversion circuit.
Dongosolo la kuwala likhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: mtundu wa kutumiza ndi mtundu wa kuwunikira malinga ndi kapangidwe kake. Kutumiza kumafuna zigawo ziwiri, chimodzi chotumizira infrared ndi china cholandira infrared. Koma chowunikiracho, chimafuna sensa imodzi yokha kuti chisonkhanitse chidziwitso chomwe mukufuna.
Chinthu chozindikira chingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: chinthu chozindikira kutentha ndi chinthu chozindikira kuwala kwa dzuwa malinga ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito. Ma thermistors ndi ma thermistors omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Pamene thermistor ikukhudzidwa ndi kuwala kwa infrared, kutentha kumawonjezeka, ndipo kukana kumasintha (kusinthaku kungakhale kwakukulu kapena kochepa, chifukwa thermistor ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: thermistor yowunikira kutentha kwabwino ndi thermistor yowunikira kutentha kwabwino), zomwe zingasinthidwe kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi kudzera mu dera losinthira. Zinthu zozindikira kuwala kwa dzuwa nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zowunikira kuwala, nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi lead sulfide, lead selenide, indium arsenide, antimony arsenide, mercury cadmium telluride ternary alloy, germanium ndi silicon doped materials.
Malinga ndi ma circuit osiyanasiyana opangira ndi kusintha ma signal, ma infrared sensor amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu ya analog ndi digito. Dera lopangira ma signal la analog pyroelectric infrared sensor ndi field-effect tube, pomwe dera lopangira ma signal la digital pyroelectric infrared sensor ndi digital chip.
Ntchito zambiri za sensa ya infrared zimachitika kudzera mu ma permutation osiyanasiyana komanso kuphatikiza kwa zigawo zitatu zodziwikiratu: dongosolo la kuwala, chinthu chozindikira, ndi dera losinthira. Tiyeni tiwone madera ena omwe masensa a infrared asintha.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sensor ya Infrared
1. Kuzindikira Gasi
Mfundo ya infrared optical ya sensa ya gasi ndi mtundu wa kutengera mawonekedwe osankhidwa a ma spectral a infrared a mamolekyulu osiyanasiyana a gasi, kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa gasi ndi ubale wa mphamvu ya kuyamwa (Lambert - lamulo la Lambert Beer) kuti azindikire ndikuzindikira kuchuluka kwa chipangizo chowunikira gasi cha gawo la gasi.
Masensa a infrared angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupeza mapu owunikira infrared monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi pamwambapa. Mamolekyulu opangidwa ndi maatomu osiyanasiyana adzayamwa infrared pansi pa kuwala kwa infrared pafupipafupi yomweyi, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa mphamvu ya kuwala kwa infrared. Malinga ndi mafunde osiyanasiyana, mitundu ya mpweya womwe uli mu chisakanizocho ikhoza kudziwika.
Malinga ndi malo a nsonga imodzi ya infrared absorption, magulu okhawo omwe alipo mu molekyulu ya mpweya ndi omwe angadziwike. Kuti tidziwe bwino mtundu wa mpweya, tiyenera kuyang'ana malo a nsonga zonse za kuyamwa m'chigawo chapakati cha infrared cha mpweya, chomwe ndi chala cha infrared absorption cha mpweya. Ndi infrared spectrum, kuchuluka kwa mpweya uliwonse mu chisakanizocho kumatha kusanthulidwa mwachangu.
Masensa a gasi a infrared amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani opanga mafuta, zitsulo, migodi yogwirira ntchito, kuyang'anira kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya komanso kuzindikira zokhudzana ndi kuletsa mpweya, ulimi ndi mafakitale ena. Pakadali pano, ma laser apakati a infrared ndi okwera mtengo. Ndikukhulupirira kuti mtsogolomu, ndi mafakitale ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito masensa a infrared kuti azindikire mpweya, masensa a gasi a infrared adzakhala abwino kwambiri komanso otsika mtengo.
2. Kuyeza Mtunda wa Infrared
Chojambulira cha infrared ranging ndi mtundu wa chipangizo chozindikira, chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito infrared ngati njira yoyezera, miyeso yochuluka, nthawi yochepa yoyankhira, makamaka mu sayansi ndi ukadaulo wamakono, chitetezo cha dziko komanso m'magawo a mafakitale ndi ulimi.
Sensa yozungulira ya infrared ili ndi ma diode awiri otumizira ndi kulandira chizindikiro cha infrared, pogwiritsa ntchito sensa yozungulira ya infrared kutulutsa kuwala kwa infrared, kupanga njira yowunikira pambuyo powunikira ku chinthucho, kuwunikira ku sensa pambuyo polandira chizindikirocho, kenako pogwiritsa ntchito CCD image processing kulandira kutumiza ndi kulandira deta yosiyana nthawi. Mtunda wa chinthucho umawerengedwa pambuyo pokonza ndi purosesa ya chizindikiro. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito osati pamalo achilengedwe okha, komanso pamapanelo owunikira. Kuyeza mtunda, kuyankha kwa pafupipafupi, koyenera malo ovuta amakampani.
3. Kutumiza kwa Infrared
Kutumiza deta pogwiritsa ntchito masensa a infrared kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri. Chiwongolero chakutali cha TV chimagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zotumizira ma infrared kuti chilamulire TV kutali; Mafoni am'manja amatha kutumiza deta kudzera mu infrared transmission. Izi ndi mapulogalamu omwe akhalapo kuyambira pomwe ukadaulo wa infrared unapangidwa koyamba.
4. Chithunzi cha Kutentha kwa Infrared
Chithunzi cha kutentha ndi sensa yosagwira ntchito yomwe imatha kujambula kuwala kwa infrared komwe kumatulutsidwa ndi zinthu zonse zomwe kutentha kwake kuli kokwera kuposa zero yeniyeni. Chithunzi cha kutentha chinapangidwa poyamba ngati chida chowunikira asilikali komanso chowonera usiku, koma pamene chinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, mtengo wake unatsika, motero chinakulitsa kwambiri gawo logwiritsira ntchito. Ntchito zogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za kutentha zimaphatikizapo zinyama, ulimi, nyumba, kuzindikira gasi, ntchito zamafakitale ndi zankhondo, komanso kuzindikira anthu, kutsatira ndi kuzindikira. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chithunzi cha kutentha cha infrared chagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ambiri opezeka anthu ambiri kuti ayesere kutentha kwa zinthu mwachangu.
5. Kuyambitsa kwa Infrared
Chosinthira cha infrared induction ndi chosinthira chowongolera chokha chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa infrared induction. Chimagwira ntchito yake yowongolera yokha pozindikira kutentha kwa infrared komwe kumachokera kunja. Chimatha kutsegula nyali mwachangu, zitseko zodziyimira zokha, ma alarm oletsa kuba ndi zida zina zamagetsi.
Kudzera mu lenzi ya Fresnel ya sensa ya infrared, kuwala kwa infrared komwe kumatulutsidwa ndi thupi la munthu kumatha kumveka ndi switch, kuti kugwire ntchito zosiyanasiyana zowongolera zokha monga kuyatsa nyali. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa nyumba yanzeru, kuzindikira kwa infrared kwagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'zitini za zinyalala zanzeru, zimbudzi zanzeru, ma switch anzeru, zitseko zolowetsa ndi zinthu zina zanzeru. Kuzindikira kwa infrared sikungokhudza kuzindikira anthu okha, koma kumasinthidwa nthawi zonse kuti pakhale ntchito zambiri.
Mapeto
M'zaka zaposachedwa, makampani opanga intaneti ya zinthu akukula mofulumira ndipo ali ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu pamsika. Pachifukwa ichi, msika wa infrared sensor nawonso wakula kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, msika wa infrared detector ku China ukupitilira kukula. Malinga ndi deta, mu 2019, msika wa infrared detector ku China unali pafupifupi mayuan 400 miliyoni, pofika chaka cha 2020 kapena pafupifupi mayuan 500 miliyoni. Kuphatikiza pa kufunikira kwa kuyeza kutentha kwa infrared kwa mliri ndi kuletsa kaboni kuti azindikire mpweya wa infrared, kukula kwa msika wa infrared sensors kudzakhala kwakukulu mtsogolomu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-16-2022