Wolemba: Ulink Media
Kuyambira pomwe CSA Connectivity Standards Alliance (yomwe kale inali Zigbee Alliance) idatulutsa Matter 1.0 mu Okutobala chaka chatha, osewera anzeru akunyumba ndi apadziko lonse lapansi monga Amazon, Apple, Google, LG, Samsung, OPPO, Graffiti Intelligence, Xiaodu, ndi ena afulumizitsa chitukuko cha chithandizo cha protocol ya Matter, ndipo ogulitsa zida zomaliza nawonso atsatira zomwezo.
Mu Meyi chaka chino, Matter version 1.1 idatulutsidwa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mabatire zigwire bwino ntchito. Posachedwapa, CSA Connectivity Standards Consortium idatulutsanso Matter version 1.2. Kodi kusintha kwaposachedwa kwa muyezo wa Matter wasinthidwa ndi kotani? Kodi kusintha kwaposachedwa kwa muyezo wa Matter wasinthidwa ndi kotani? Kodi msika wanzeru wa nyumba zaku China ungapindule bwanji ndi muyezo wa Matter?
Pansipa, ndisanthula momwe zinthu zilili pakali pano pa chitukuko cha Matter komanso momwe kusintha kwa Matter1.2 kungathandizire pamsika.
01 Mphamvu ya Matter
Malinga ndi deta yaposachedwa patsamba lovomerezeka, CSA Alliance ili ndi mamembala 33 oyambitsa, ndipo makampani opitilira 350 akutenga nawo mbali kale ndikuthandizira pa chilengedwe cha muyezo wa Matter. Opanga zida zambiri, malo osungiramo zinthu, malo oyesera, ndi ogulitsa ma chip onse athandiza kuti muyezo wa Matter upambane m'njira zawozawo zofunika pamsika ndi makasitomala.
Chaka chimodzi chokha kuchokera pamene idatulutsidwa ngati muyezo wanzeru wapakhomo womwe umalankhulidwa kwambiri, muyezo wa Matter waphatikizidwa kale mu ma chipset ambiri, mitundu yambiri ya zida, komanso wawonjezeredwa ku zida zambiri pamsika. Pakadali pano, pali zinthu zopitilira 1,800 zovomerezeka za Matter, mapulogalamu ndi mapulogalamu.
Pa nsanja zodziwika bwino, Matter imagwirizana kale ndi Amazon Alexa, Apple HomeKit, Google Home ndi Samsung SmartThings.
Ponena za msika waku China, papita nthawi kuchokera pamene zipangizo za Matter zinapangidwa mwalamulo mdziko muno, zomwe zapangitsa kuti China ikhale gwero lalikulu la opanga zipangizo mu chilengedwe cha Matter. Pa zinthu ndi mapulogalamu oposa 1,800 ovomerezeka, 60 peresenti ndi ochokera kwa mamembala aku China.
China akuti ili ndi unyolo wonse wamtengo wapatali kuyambira opanga ma chip mpaka opereka chithandizo, monga ma lab oyesera ndi ma Product Attestation Authorities (PAAs). Pofuna kufulumizitsa kufika kwa Matter pamsika waku China, CSA Consortium yakhazikitsa "CSA Consortium China Member Group" (CMGC) yodzipereka, yomwe ili ndi mamembala pafupifupi 40 omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi msika waku China, ndipo yadzipereka kulimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa miyezo yolumikizirana ndikuthandizira zokambirana zaukadaulo pamsika waku China.
Ponena za mitundu ya zinthu zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi Matter, gulu loyamba la mitundu ya zipangizo zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi izi: magetsi ndi magetsi (mababu a magetsi, masoketi, maswichi), zowongolera za HVAC, makatani ndi ma drape, maloko a zitseko, zida zosewerera makanema, chitetezo ndi chitetezo ndi masensa (maginito a zitseko, ma alamu), zida zolumikizira (zipata), ndi zida zowongolera (mafoni am'manja, okamba anzeru, ndi mapanelo apakati ndi zida zina zokhala ndi pulogalamu yowongolera yolumikizidwa).
Pamene chitukuko cha Matter chikupitirira, chidzasinthidwa kamodzi kapena kawiri pachaka, ndi zosintha zomwe zikuyang'ana kwambiri madera atatu akuluakulu: zowonjezera zatsopano (monga mitundu ya zida), kusintha kwa ukadaulo, ndi zowonjezera ku SDK ndi kuthekera koyesa.
Ponena za kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito Matter, msika uli ndi chidaliro chachikulu pa Matter chifukwa cha zabwino zambiri. Njira yogwirizana komanso yodalirika yopezera netiwekiyi sidzangopangitsa kuti zomwe ogula akumana nazo pakugwiritsa ntchito nyumba zanzeru zikwere, komanso imalimbikitsa opanga nyumba ndi makampani oyang'anira nyumba kuti ayang'anenso kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito nyumba zanzeru kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makampaniwa azikhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.
Malinga ndi ABI Research, bungwe lofufuza la akatswiri, njira ya Matter ndiyo njira yoyamba yogwiritsira ntchito nyumba zanzeru zomwe zimakopa kwambiri. Malinga ndi ABI Research, kuyambira 2022 mpaka 2030, zipangizo zonse za Matter zokwana 5.5 biliyoni zidzatumizidwa, ndipo pofika chaka cha 2030, zinthu zoposa 1.5 biliyoni zovomerezeka ndi Matter zidzatumizidwa pachaka.
Kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwiritsa ntchito nyumba zanzeru m'madera monga Asia Pacific, Europe ndi Latin America kudzawonjezeka mofulumira chifukwa cha mphamvu ya mgwirizano wa Matter.
Ponseponse, zikuwoneka kuti nyenyezi ya Matter yakhala yosaletseka, zomwe zikuwonetsanso chikhumbo cha msika wanzeru wa nyumba zokhala ndi chilengedwe chogwirizana.
02 Malo oti pakhale kusintha pa mgwirizano watsopano
Kutulutsidwa kwa Matter 1.2 kumeneku kukuphatikizapo mitundu isanu ndi inayi yatsopano ya zipangizo ndi kusintha ndi kuwonjezera kwa magulu azinthu zomwe zilipo, komanso kusintha kwakukulu kwa ma specifications omwe alipo, ma SDK, mfundo za satifiketi ndi zida zoyesera.
Mitundu isanu ndi inayi yatsopano ya zipangizo:
1. Mafiriji - Kuwonjezera pa kuwongolera kutentha ndi kuyang'anira, mtundu uwu wa chipangizo umagwiranso ntchito pa zipangizo zina monga mafiriji ozama komanso mafiriji a vinyo ndi pickle.
2. Zoziziritsa mpweya m'chipinda - Ngakhale kuti HVAC ndi ma thermostat akhala Matter 1.0, zoziziritsa mpweya m'chipinda chokha chokhala ndi kutentha ndi mawonekedwe a fan tsopano zikuthandizidwa.
3. Makina otsukira mbale - Zinthu zoyambira monga zidziwitso zoyambira patali ndi momwe zinthu zikuyendera zikuphatikizidwa. Ma alamu otsukira mbale amathandizidwanso, omwe amaphimba zolakwika pakugwira ntchito monga madzi ndi ngalande, kutentha, ndi zolakwika zokhoma zitseko.
4. Makina Ochapira - Zidziwitso za momwe zinthu zikuyendera, monga kutsiriza kwa kayendedwe ka madzi, zitha kutumizidwa kudzera mu Matter. Kutulutsa kwa Matter kudzathandizidwa mtsogolo.
5. Wosefera - Kuwonjezera pa zinthu zoyambira monga zidziwitso zoyambira patali ndi kupita patsogolo, zinthu zofunika monga njira zoyeretsera (kupukuta ndi kupukuta mouma) ndi zina zomwe zili mkati (momwe zilili ndi burashi, malipoti olakwika, momwe zilili ndi momwe zilili ndi momwe zilili) zimathandizidwa.
6. Ma alamu a Utsi ndi Mpweya wa Carbon Monoxide - Ma alamu awa azithandizira zidziwitso komanso zizindikiro za mawu ndi zowonera. Machenjezo okhudza momwe batire lilili ndi zidziwitso za kumapeto kwa moyo amathandizidwanso. Ma alamu awa amathandiziranso kudziyesa. Ma alamu a Mpweya wa Carbon Monoxide amathandizira kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa deta ngati mfundo yowonjezera ya deta.
7. Masensa Othandiza Okhudza Mpweya - Masensa othandizira amajambula ndi kupereka lipoti: PM1, PM 2.5, PM 10, CO2, NO2, VOC, CO, ozone, radon, ndi formaldehyde. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezera magulu a mpweya wabwino kumathandiza zida za Matter kupereka chidziwitso cha AQI kutengera komwe chipangizocho chili.
8. Chotsukira Mpweya - Chotsukira chimagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa chipangizo choyezera mpweya kuti chipereke chidziwitso chowunikira komanso chimaphatikizapo zinthu zina za mitundu ya zipangizo monga mafani (ofunikira) ndi ma thermostat (ngati mukufuna). Chotsukira mpweya chimaphatikizaponso kuyang'anira zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimadziwitsa momwe fyuluta ilili (zosefera za HEPA ndi kaboni wogwiritsidwa ntchito zimathandizidwa mu 1.2).
9. Mafani -Matter 1.2 akuphatikizapo chithandizo cha mafani ngati mtundu wosiyana wa chipangizo chovomerezeka. Mafani tsopano amathandizira mayendedwe monga Rock/Oscillate ndi njira zatsopano monga Natural Breeze ndi Sleep Breeze. Zowonjezera zina zimaphatikizapo kuthekera kosintha njira ya mpweya (kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo) ndi malamulo otsatira kuti asinthe liwiro la mpweya.
Zowonjezera zazikulu:
1. Maloko a Zitseko za Latch - Zosintha pamsika wa ku Ulaya zikuwonetsa momwe mayunitsi olumikizirana a latch ndi bolt lock amagwirira ntchito.
2. Mawonekedwe a Chipangizo - Kufotokozera mawonekedwe a chipangizocho kwawonjezedwa kuti zipangizozo zithe kufotokozedwa malinga ndi mtundu wake ndi mawonekedwe ake. Izi zithandiza kuti zipangizozo ziwonetsedwe bwino kwa makasitomala onse.
3. Kapangidwe ka Chipangizo ndi Mapeto - Zipangizo tsopano zitha kupangidwa ndi magawo ovuta a mapeto, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga zitsanzo zolondola za zida, ma switch a mayunitsi ambiri ndi ma luminaires angapo.
4. Ma tag a Semantic - Amapereka njira yolumikizirana yofotokozera magulu ofanana ndi mapeto a malo ndi ntchito ya semantic Matter kuti athe kuwonetsa bwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makasitomala osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, zilembo za semantic zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyimira malo ndi ntchito ya batani lililonse pa remote control yokhala ndi mabatani ambiri.
5. Kufotokozera kwathunthu momwe chipangizocho chimagwirira ntchito - Kuwonetsa njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito za chipangizocho m'njira yodziwika bwino kudzapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupanga mtundu watsopano wa chipangizocho Matters muzotulutsa zamtsogolo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chithandizo chawo chachikulu chikugwirizana ndi makasitomala osiyanasiyana.
Zowongolera Zamkati mwa Chivundikiro: Matter SDK ndi Zida Zoyesera
Matter 1.2 imabweretsa kusintha kwakukulu pa pulogalamu yoyesera ndi kupereka satifiketi kuti ithandize makampani kupeza zinthu zawo (hardware, mapulogalamu, ma chipset ndi mapulogalamu) kuti agulitsidwe mwachangu. Kusinthaku kudzapindulitsa anthu ambiri opanga mapulogalamu ndi chilengedwe cha Matter.
Thandizo Latsopano la Nsanja mu SDK - The Matter 1.2 SDK tsopano ikupezeka pamapulatifomu atsopano, zomwe zimapatsa opanga mapulogalamu njira zambiri zopangira zinthu zatsopano ndi Matter.
Chomangira Choyesera Zinthu Cholimbikitsidwa - Zida zoyesera ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti zofunikirazo ndi magwiridwe antchito ake zikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Zida zoyesera tsopano zikupezeka kudzera pa pulogalamu yotseguka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti opanga mapulogalamu a Matter azitha kuthandiza pazidazi (kuzipangitsa kukhala zabwino) ndikuwonetsetsa kuti akugwiritsa ntchito mtundu waposachedwa (wokhala ndi zinthu zonse ndi kukonza zolakwika).
Monga ukadaulo woyendetsedwa ndi msika, mitundu yatsopano ya zida, mawonekedwe ndi zosintha zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotulutsa zofunikira za Matter ndi zotsatira za kudzipereka kwa makampani mamembala ku magawo angapo opanga, kukhazikitsa, ndi kuyesa. Posachedwapa, mamembala ambiri adasonkhana kuti ayesere mtundu 1.2 m'malo awiri ku China ndi ku Europe kuti atsimikizire zosintha zomwe zili muzofunikirazo.
03 Kuwona bwino za tsogolo
Kodi zinthu zabwino ndi ziti?
Pakadali pano, opanga ambiri am'nyumba atenga nawo gawo pakuyambitsa ndi kutsatsa Matter, koma poyerekeza ndi momwe dziko lakunja limagwiritsira ntchito muyezo wa Matter, mabizinesi am'nyumba nthawi zambiri amakhala osamala podikira ndi kuwona. Kuwonjezera pa nkhawa za kufika pang'onopang'ono pamsika wam'nyumba komanso mtengo wokwera wa satifiketi yokhazikika, palinso nkhawa za kuvutika kwa kugawana ma netiweki pogwiritsa ntchito nsanja zosiyanasiyana.
Koma nthawi yomweyo, palinso zinthu zambiri zomwe zingathandize msika waku China.
1. Kuthekera konse kwa msika wa nyumba zanzeru kukupitilirabe kutulutsidwa
Malinga ndi deta ya Statista, akuyembekezeka kuti pofika chaka cha 2026, msika wa nyumba zanzeru mdziko muno ukuyembekezeka kufika $45.3 biliyoni. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa nyumba zanzeru ku China komwe kumafikira 13% kudakali pamlingo wotsika, ndipo magulu ambiri a nyumba zanzeru ali ndi kuchuluka kochepera 10%. Anthu ogwira ntchito m'makampani amakhulupirira kuti poyambitsa mfundo zingapo zadziko lonse pankhani yosangalatsa kunyumba, ukalamba ndi kusunga mphamvu zamagetsi ziwiri, kuphatikiza nyumba zanzeru ndi kuzama kwake kungalimbikitse chitukuko chonse cha makampani a nyumba zanzeru.
2. Matter imathandiza mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati (SMEs) kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi watsopano wamabizinesi "panyanja".
Pakadali pano, nyumba zanzeru zapakhomo zimayang'aniridwa kwambiri pamsika wogulitsa nyumba, malo osalala komanso msika wina wokhazikitsa, pomwe ogula akunja amakonda kutengapo gawo pogula zinthu zokonzedwa ndi manja. Zosowa zosiyanasiyana za misika yapakhomo ndi yakunja zimaperekanso mwayi wosiyana kwa opanga nyumba m'magawo osiyanasiyana amafakitale. Kutengera njira zaukadaulo za Matter ndi chilengedwe, imatha kuzindikira kulumikizana ndi kugwirira ntchito kwa nyumba zanzeru m'mapulatifomu, mitambo ndi ma protocol, zomwe kwakanthawi kochepa zingathandize mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati kupeza mwayi watsopano wamabizinesi, ndipo mtsogolo, pamene chilengedwe chikukula pang'onopang'ono ndikukula, akukhulupirira kuti chidzadyetsa kwambiri msika wa ogula nyumba zanzeru zapakhomo. Makamaka, ntchito yatsopano yowunikira malo okhala anthu idzakhala yopindulitsa kwambiri.
3. Njira zosagwiritsa ntchito intaneti zolimbikitsira kukweza zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akukumana nazo
Pakadali pano, msika wadziko lonse wa zomwe Matter akuyembekeza ukuyang'ana kwambiri pa zida zopitira kunja, koma chifukwa cha kubwezeretsedwa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito pambuyo pa mliriwu, opanga nyumba zanzeru ambiri komanso nsanja akuyesetsa kukhala chizolowezi chachikulu m'masitolo osagwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Kutengera ndi kapangidwe ka chilengedwe mkati mwa njira yogulitsira, kukhalapo kwa Matter kudzalola kuti ogwiritsa ntchito apite patsogolo kwambiri, zida zoyambirira zapamalopo sizingakwaniritse zomwe zikuchitika ndipo kulumikizana kwasintha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa ogula kufika pamlingo wapamwamba wogula potengera zomwe akumana nazo zenizeni.
Ponseponse, mtengo wa Matter ndi wosiyanasiyana.
Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, kufika kwa Matter kudzawonjezera kusankha kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, omwe salinso oletsedwa ndi chilengedwe cha mitundu yotsekedwa ndipo amaika patsogolo kwambiri kusankha kwaufulu kwa mawonekedwe azinthu, mtundu, magwiridwe antchito ndi zina.
Pa za chilengedwe cha mafakitale, Matter imathandizira kuphatikiza kwa chilengedwe cha nyumba zanzeru padziko lonse lapansi ndi mabizinesi, ndipo ndi chothandizira chofunikira kwambiri pakukweza msika wonse wa nyumba zanzeru.
Ndipotu, kutuluka kwa Matter sikuti ndi phindu lalikulu kwa makampani opanga nyumba zanzeru zokha, komanso kudzakhala chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa "nyengo yatsopano" ya IoT mtsogolo chifukwa cha kukwera kwa malonda ndi kusonkhanitsa kwathunthu kwa unyolo wamtengo wapatali wa IoT komwe kumabweretsa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-26-2023