Mizinda yanzeru yolumikizidwa imabweretsa maloto okongola. M'mizinda yotereyi, matekinoloje a digito amaphatikiza ntchito zingapo zapadera kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito bwino komanso luntha. Akuti pofika chaka cha 2050, 70% ya anthu padziko lapansi adzakhala m’mizinda yanzeru, kumene moyo udzakhala wathanzi, wosangalala komanso wotetezeka. Mwachidule, limalonjeza kukhala wobiriwira, lipenga lomaliza laumunthu polimbana ndi chiwonongeko cha dziko lapansi.
Koma mizinda yanzeru ndi ntchito yovuta. Umisiri watsopano ndi wokwera mtengo, maboma ang'onoang'ono amakakamizika, ndipo ndale zimasinthiratu zisankho zazifupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupeza njira yoyendetsera bwino komanso yogwira ntchito bwino pazachuma yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'matauni padziko lonse lapansi kapena mdziko lonse lapansi. M'malo mwake, mizinda yambiri yotsogola yomwe ili pamitu yankhani ndikungosonkhanitsa zoyeserera zosiyanasiyana zaukadaulo ndi mapulojekiti am'mbali mwachigawo, osayembekezera kukulitsa.
Tiyeni tiwone zotayira ndi malo oimikapo magalimoto, omwe ali anzeru okhala ndi masensa ndi ma analytics; M'nkhaniyi, kubwerera ku ndalama (ROI) kumakhala kovuta kuwerengera ndi kukhazikika, makamaka pamene mabungwe a boma ali ogawanika (pakati pa mabungwe a boma ndi ntchito zapadera, komanso pakati pa mizinda, mizinda, madera ndi mayiko). Yang'anani kuyang'anira khalidwe la mpweya; Ndikosavuta bwanji kuwerengera momwe mpweya waukhondo umakhudzira ntchito zaumoyo mumzinda? Zomveka, mizinda yanzeru ndizovuta kukhazikitsa, komanso zovuta kukana.
Pali, komabe, kuwala kwa kuwala mu chifunga cha kusintha kwa digito. Kuunikira mumsewu muntchito zonse zamatauni kumapereka nsanja kuti mizinda ipeze ntchito zanzeru ndikuphatikiza mapulogalamu angapo kwa nthawi yoyamba. Onani ntchito zosiyanasiyana zowunikira mumsewu zomwe zikuchitika ku San Diego ku US ndi Copenhagen ku Denmark, ndipo zikuchulukirachulukira. Mapulojekitiwa amaphatikiza masensa osiyanasiyana okhala ndi ma modular hardware mayunitsi okhazikika pamitengo yowunikira kuti alole kuyatsa kwakutali komanso kuyendetsa ntchito zina, monga zowerengera zamagalimoto, zowunikira momwe mpweya wabwino, komanso zowunikira mfuti.
Kuchokera kutalika kwa mtengo wounikira, mizinda yayamba kuthana ndi "moyo" wa mzindawo pamsewu, kuphatikizapo kuyenda kwa magalimoto ndi kuyenda, phokoso ndi kuwonongeka kwa mpweya, ndi mwayi wamalonda wotuluka. Ngakhale masensa oimika magalimoto, omwe mwachizoloŵezi amaikidwa m'malo oimikapo magalimoto, amatha kukhala otsika mtengo komanso ogwirizana ndi magetsi. Mizinda yonse imatha kulumikizidwa mwadzidzidzi ndikuwongoleredwa popanda kukumba misewu kapena kubwereka malo kapena kuthetsa mavuto apakompyuta okhudzana ndi moyo wathanzi komanso misewu yotetezeka.
Izi zimagwira ntchito chifukwa, nthawi zambiri, njira zowunikira mwanzeru sizimawerengeredwa poyambilira ndikusunga ndalama kuchokera ku mayankho anzeru. M'malo mwake, kutheka kwa kusintha kwa digito kumatauni ndi zotsatira zangozi zakukula kwanthawi yomweyo kwa kuyatsa.
Kupulumutsa mphamvu kuchokera m'malo mwa mababu a incandescent ndi kuyatsa kwamphamvu kwa LED, komanso magetsi omwe amapezeka mosavuta komanso zida zowunikira zambiri, zimapangitsa mizinda yanzeru kukhala yotheka.
Kuthamanga kwa kutembenuka kwa LED kuli kale kosalala, ndipo kuyatsa kwanzeru kukukulirakulira. Pafupifupi 90% ya magetsi apamsewu okwana 363 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi adzawunikiridwa ndi ma lead pofika 2027, malinga ndi Northeast Group, katswiri wofufuza za zomangamanga. Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a iwo adzayendetsanso ntchito zanzeru, zomwe zidayamba zaka zingapo zapitazo. Mpaka ndalama zambiri ndi mapulani atasindikizidwa, kuyatsa mumsewu ndikoyenera kwambiri ngati njira yolumikizira matekinoloje a digito m'mizinda ikuluikulu yanzeru.
Sungani mtengo wa LED
Malinga ndi malamulo a chala chomwe amawunikira ndi opanga masensa, kuyatsa kwanzeru kumatha kuchepetsa ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito ndi kukonza ndi 50 mpaka 70 peresenti. Koma zambiri mwazosungazo (pafupifupi 50 peresenti, zokwanira kuti zisinthe) zitha kuchitika mwa kusintha mababu a LED osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Zina zonse zomwe zasungidwa zimachokera ku kulumikiza ndi kulamulira zounikira ndi kupereka chidziwitso chanzeru za momwe amagwirira ntchito pamaneti ounikira.
Kusintha kwapakati ndi kuyang'anitsitsa kokha kungachepetse kwambiri ndalama zosamalira. Pali njira zambiri, ndipo zimagwirizana wina ndi mzake: ndondomeko, kulamulira nyengo ndi kusintha kwa nthawi; Kuzindikira zolakwika ndikuchepetsa kupezeka kwa magalimoto okonza. Zotsatira zimawonjezeka ndi kukula kwa maukonde ounikira ndikubwereranso mumilandu yoyamba ya ROI. Msikawu umati njira iyi imatha kudzilipira yokha m'zaka zisanu, ndipo imatha kudzilipira yokha munthawi yochepa pophatikiza malingaliro "ofewa" amzinda wanzeru, monga omwe ali ndi masensa oimika magalimoto, oyang'anira magalimoto, kuwongolera mpweya ndi zida zowunikira mfuti. .
Guidehouse Insights, wopenda msika, amatsata mizinda yopitilira 200 kuti awone momwe kusintha kwasinthira; Ikuti gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mizinda ikupanga njira zowunikira zowunikira mwanzeru. Malonda a machitidwe anzeru akukwera. Kafukufuku wa ABI amawerengera kuti ndalama zapadziko lonse lapansi zidzakwera kuwirikiza kakhumi kufika pa $1.7 biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2026. “Mphindi ya babu” yapadziko lapansi ili motere; Zowunikira zowunikira mumsewu, zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zochitika za anthu, ndiye njira yopitira patsogolo ngati nsanja yamizinda yanzeru munjira zambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2022, kupitilira magawo awiri mwa atatu a magetsi atsopano a mumsewu adzangiriridwa pa nsanja yapakati kuti aphatikize deta kuchokera ku masensa ambiri a mumzinda, ABI inati.
Adarsh Krishnan, wofufuza wamkulu pa ABI Research, adati: "Pali mipata yambiri yamabizinesi kwa ogulitsa m'mizinda yanzeru yomwe imathandizira zomangamanga zamatawuni potumiza ma waya opanda zingwe, zowunikira zachilengedwe komanso makamera anzeru. Vutoli ndikupeza mabizinesi odalirika omwe amalimbikitsa anthu kuti agwiritse ntchito njira zothetsera masensa ambiri m'njira yotsika mtengo. ”
Funso silirinso ngati kugwirizana, koma momwe, ndi momwe mungalumikizire poyamba. Monga a Krishnan amawonera, gawo lina la izi ndi zamitundu yamabizinesi, koma ndalama zikuyenda kale m'mizinda yanzeru kudzera muzabwino zogwirira ntchito zamakampani (PPP), komwe makampani azinsinsi amaika pachiwopsezo chandalama kuti apindule ndi capital capital. Makontrakitala otengera kulembetsa kwa "as-a-service" amafalitsa ndalama panthawi yobweza, zomwe zidalimbikitsanso ntchito.
Mosiyana ndi izi, Magetsi amsewu ku Europe akulumikizidwa ku netiweki yachikhalidwe cha uchi (nthawi zambiri 2G mpaka LTE (4G)) komanso chipangizo chatsopano cha HONEYCOMB Iot, LTE-M. Tekinoloje ya Proprietary ultra-narrowband (UNB) ikubweranso, pamodzi ndi Zigbee, kufalikira pang'ono kwa Low-power Bluetooth, ndi IEEE 802.15.4 zotumphukira.
Bluetooth Technology Alliance (SIG) imayika chidwi kwambiri pamizinda yanzeru. Gululi likulosera kuti kutumiza kwa Bluetooth yotsika mphamvu m'mizinda yanzeru kudzakula kasanu pazaka zisanu zikubwerazi, mpaka 230 miliyoni pachaka. Zambiri zimalumikizidwa ndi kufufuza katundu m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri, monga mabwalo a ndege, mabwalo amasewera, zipatala, malo ogulitsira komanso malo osungiramo zinthu zakale. Komabe, Bluetooth yamphamvu yotsika imayang'ananso maukonde akunja. "Yankho la kasamalidwe ka chuma limathandizira kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu zanzeru za mzindawo komanso limathandizira kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito m'tauni," idatero bungwe la Bluetooth Technology Alliance.
Kuphatikiza kwa Njira ziwirizi ndizabwinoko!
Tekinoloje iliyonse ili ndi zotsutsana zake, komabe, zina zomwe zathetsedwa potsutsana. Mwachitsanzo, UNB ikupereka malire okhwima pa nthawi yolipira ndi yobweretsera, kuletsa kuthandizira kofananira kwa ma sensor angapo kapena mapulogalamu monga makamera omwe amafunikira. Ukadaulo waufupi ndiwotsika mtengo ndipo umapereka njira zambiri zopangira zowunikira ngati nsanja. Chofunika kwambiri, atha kutenganso gawo losunga zobwezeretsera pakachitika kulumikizidwa kwa chizindikiro cha WAN, ndikupereka njira kwa akatswiri kuti aziwerengera masensa mwachindunji kuti athetse zolakwika ndi zowunikira. Bluetooth yotsika mphamvu, mwachitsanzo, imagwira ntchito ndi pafupifupi foni yamakono pamsika.
Ngakhale gululi lolimba limatha kukulitsa kulimba, kapangidwe kake kamakhala kovutirapo ndipo kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zambiri pamasensa omwe amalumikizana ndi point-point. Kupatsirana osiyanasiyana kumakhalanso kovuta; Kufikira pogwiritsa ntchito Zigbee ndi Low-power Bluetooth ndi ma mita mazana ochepa kwambiri. Ngakhale matekinoloje amtundu waufupi amakhala opikisana komanso oyenererana ndi grid-based, masensa oyandikana nawo, ndi maukonde otsekedwa omwe pamapeto pake amafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zipata kuti atumize zizindikiro kubwerera kumtambo.
Kulumikizana kwa zisa nthawi zambiri kumawonjezeredwa kumapeto. Zomwe zimachitikira ogulitsa zowunikira mwanzeru ndikugwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwa uchi kuchokera pamtambo kuti apereke chipata cha mtunda wa 5 mpaka 15 km kapena chipangizo cha sensor. Ukadaulo wa njuchi umabweretsa mitundu yayikulu yopatsirana komanso kuphweka; Amaperekanso maukonde osakhazikika komanso chitetezo chokwanira, malinga ndi gulu la Hive.
Neill Young, wamkulu wa Internet of Things Vertical ku GSMA, bungwe la mafakitale lomwe likuimira ogwiritsira ntchito mafoni a m'manja, anati: "Ogwira ntchito ... ali ndi chidziwitso chonse cha dera lonse, choncho safuna zipangizo zowonjezera kuti agwirizane ndi zipangizo zounikira m'tawuni ndi masensa. . M'malo ovomerezeka a zisa za uchi ali ndi chitetezo komanso kudalirika, zikutanthauza kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ali ndi mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri, amatha kuthandizira zosowa zambiri moyo wa batri wautali komanso kukonza kochepa komanso kutumizira mtunda wautali wa zida zotsika mtengo. ”
Mwa matekinoloje onse olumikizana omwe alipo, HONEYCOMB iwona kukula kwakukulu m'zaka zikubwerazi, malinga ndi ABI. Kumveka kokhudza maukonde a 5G komanso kukangana kokhala ndi zida za 5G kwapangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kuti agwire mtengo wowunikira ndikudzaza timagulu tating'ono ta uchi m'matauni. Ku United States, Las Vegas ndi Sacramento akugwiritsa ntchito LTE ndi 5G, komanso masensa anzeru a mumzinda, pamagetsi a pamsewu kudzera pa AT&T ndi Verizon. Hong Kong yangovumbulutsa mapulani oyika zoyikapo nyale zoyatsidwa ndi 400 5G ngati gawo lazantchito zake zanzeru zamatawuni.
Kuphatikiza Kwambiri kwa Hardware
Nielsen anawonjezera kuti: "Nordic imapereka zinthu zazifupi komanso zazitali, ndi nRF52840 SoC yake yothandizira Bluetooth, Bluetooth Mesh ndi Zigbee, komanso makina a Thread ndi 2.4ghz. Nordic's Honeycomb based nRF9160 SiP imapereka chithandizo cha LTE-M ndi NB-iot. Kuphatikizika kwa matekinoloje awiriwa kumabweretsa phindu komanso mtengo wake. ”
Kulekanitsa pafupipafupi kumapangitsa kuti makinawa azikhala limodzi, pomwe yoyamba imayenda mu bandi yaulere ya 2.4ghz ndipo yomaliza imayenda kulikonse komwe LTE ili. Pamaulendo otsika ndi apamwamba, pali kusinthanitsa pakati pa kufalikira kwa madera ambiri ndi kufalikira kwakukulu. Koma pamapulatifomu owunikira, ukadaulo waufupi wopanda zingwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza masensa, mphamvu zamakompyuta zam'mphepete zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana ndi kusanthula, ndipo iot ya zisa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutumiza deta kumtambo, komanso kuwongolera sensa kwa milingo yapamwamba yokonza.
Pakalipano, mawailesi afupikitsa ndi aatali awonjezedwa mosiyana, osamangidwira mu chip silicon chomwecho. Nthawi zina, zigawozo zimasiyanitsidwa chifukwa kulephera kwa chowunikira, sensa ndi wailesi ndizosiyana. Komabe, kuphatikiza mawayilesi apawiri munjira imodzi kupangitsa kuti kulumikizana kwaukadaulo kukhale koyandikira komanso kutsika mtengo wogula, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kumizinda yanzeru.
Nordic akuganiza kuti msika ukuyenda mbali imeneyo. Kampaniyo yaphatikiza matekinoloje olumikizira opanda zingwe amtundu waufupi ndi uchi wa IoT mu Hardware ndi mapulogalamu pamlingo wopanga kuti opanga mayankho azitha kuyendetsa awiriwa nthawi imodzi poyesa mayeso. Nordic's board DK ya nRF9160 SiP idapangidwa kuti opanga "apange ntchito zawo za Honeycomb iot"; Nordic Thingy:91 yafotokozedwa kuti ndi "chipata chathunthu chochokera pashelufu" chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati nsanja yowonera pashelefu kapena umboni wamalingaliro opanga zoyambira.
Zonsezi zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya uchi ya nRF9160 SiP ndi ma protocol amfupi a nRF52840 SoC. Machitidwe ophatikizika omwe amaphatikiza matekinoloje awiriwa potengera malonda a IoT ndi "miyezi" yokhayo yotalikirana ndi malonda, malinga ndi Nordic.
Nordic Nielsen adati: "Nsanja yowunikira mzinda wanzeru yakhazikitsidwa ukadaulo wonse wolumikizana; msika momveka bwino mmene kuphatikiza pamodzi, tapereka njira kwa opanga gulu chitukuko, kuyesa mmene ntchito pamodzi. Zimaphatikizidwa kukhala zothetsera bizinesi ndizofunikira, pakapita nthawi. ”
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-29-2022