Mizinda yanzeru yolumikizana imabweretsa maloto abwino. M'mizinda yotereyi, ukadaulo wa digito umaphatikiza ntchito zosiyanasiyana zapadera za anthu kuti ziwongolere magwiridwe antchito ndi nzeru. Akuti pofika chaka cha 2050, 70% ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi adzakhala m'mizinda yanzeru, komwe moyo udzakhala wathanzi, wosangalala komanso wotetezeka. Chofunika kwambiri, chimalonjeza kukhala chobiriwira, khadi lomaliza la anthu loletsa kuwonongedwa kwa dziko lapansi.
Koma mizinda yanzeru ndi ntchito yovuta. Ukadaulo watsopano ndi wokwera mtengo, maboma am'deralo ndi ochepa, ndipo ndale zimasinthira ku zisankho zazifupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupeza njira yogwiritsira ntchito ukadaulo wapakati komanso wothandiza kwambiri womwe umagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mizinda padziko lonse lapansi kapena m'dziko lonselo. Ndipotu, mizinda yambiri yanzeru yomwe imadziwika kwambiri ndi mitu yankhani ndi zosonkhanitsa za ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana komanso mapulojekiti am'madera, ndipo palibe chomwe chikuyembekezeka kukula.
Tiyeni tiwone malo otayira zinyalala ndi malo oimika magalimoto, omwe ndi anzeru okhala ndi masensa ndi kusanthula; Pachifukwa ichi, phindu la ndalama (ROI) ndi lovuta kuwerengera ndi kulinganiza, makamaka pamene mabungwe aboma ali ogawanika kwambiri (pakati pa mabungwe aboma ndi mautumiki apayekha, komanso pakati pa matauni, mizinda, madera ndi mayiko). Yang'anani kuwunika kwa mpweya wabwino; Kodi n'kosavuta bwanji kuwerengera momwe mpweya woyera umakhudzira mautumiki azaumoyo mumzinda? Mwanzeru, mizinda yanzeru ndi yovuta kuyigwiritsa ntchito, komanso yovuta kukana.
Komabe, pali kuwala pang'ono mu chifunga cha kusintha kwa digito. Kuunikira mumsewu m'mautumiki onse a m'matauni kumapereka nsanja kwa mizinda kuti ipeze ntchito zanzeru ndikuphatikiza mapulogalamu angapo koyamba. Yang'anani mapulojekiti osiyanasiyana anzeru anzeru omwe akuyendetsedwa ku San Diego ku US ndi Copenhagen ku Denmark, ndipo akuchulukirachulukira. Mapulojekitiwa amaphatikiza masensa osiyanasiyana okhala ndi zida zomangira zomwe zimamangiriridwa ku ndodo zowunikira kuti zilole kulamulira kwakutali kwa kuwalako ndikuyendetsa ntchito zina, monga zowerengera magalimoto, zowunikira mpweya wabwino, komanso zowunikira mfuti.
Kuchokera pamwamba pa ndodo yowunikira, mizinda yayamba kuthana ndi "kukhala bwino" kwa mzinda mumsewu, kuphatikizapo kuyenda kwa magalimoto ndi kuyenda, phokoso ndi kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya, ndi mwayi watsopano wamabizinesi. Ngakhale masensa oimika magalimoto, omwe nthawi zambiri amabisika m'malo oimika magalimoto, amatha kulumikizidwa motchipa komanso moyenera ku zomangamanga zowunikira. Mizinda yonse imatha kulumikizidwa mwadzidzidzi ndikukonzedwa bwino popanda kukumba misewu kapena kubwereka malo kapena kuthetsa mavuto osamveka bwino okhudza moyo wathanzi komanso misewu yotetezeka.
Izi zimagwira ntchito chifukwa, nthawi zambiri, njira zothetsera magetsi anzeru sizimawerengedwa poyamba ndi ndalama zosungira kuchokera ku njira zothetsera magetsi anzeru. M'malo mwake, kupulumuka kwa kusintha kwa digito m'mizinda ndi zotsatira zangozi chifukwa cha kukula kwa magetsi nthawi imodzi.
Kusunga mphamvu kuchokera m'malo mwa mababu a incandescent ndi magetsi olimba a LED, pamodzi ndi magetsi omwe alipo komanso zomangamanga zazikulu zowunikira, zimapangitsa kuti mizinda yanzeru ikhale yotheka.
Liwiro la kusintha kwa LED layamba kale kukhala losalala, ndipo magetsi anzeru akuchulukirachulukira. Pafupifupi 90% ya magetsi amisewu 363 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi adzayatsidwa ndi ma LED pofika chaka cha 2027, malinga ndi Northeast Group, katswiri wofufuza za zomangamanga zanzeru. Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a iwo lidzayendetsanso mapulogalamu anzeru, zomwe zidayamba zaka zingapo zapitazo. Mpaka ndalama zambiri ndi mapulani zitasindikizidwa, magetsi amisewu ndi oyenera kwambiri ngati zomangamanga za netiweki zamaukadaulo osiyanasiyana a digito m'mizinda ikuluikulu yanzeru.
Sungani mtengo wa LED
Malinga ndi malamulo omwe opanga magetsi ndi masensa amapereka, magetsi anzeru amatha kuchepetsa ndalama zokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka zomangamanga ndi kukonza ndi 50 mpaka 70 peresenti. Koma ndalama zambiri zomwe zasungidwa (pafupifupi 50 peresenti, zokwanira kusintha) zitha kupezeka mwa kungosintha mababu a LED osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri. Ndalama zina zonse zomwe zasungidwa zimachokera ku kulumikiza ndi kuwongolera magetsi ndikutumiza chidziwitso chanzeru chokhudza momwe amagwirira ntchito pa netiweki yowunikira.
Kusintha ndi kuyang'anitsitsa kokha kungachepetse ndalama zokonzera. Pali njira zambiri, ndipo zimathandizana: kukonza nthawi, kuwongolera nyengo ndi kusintha nthawi; Kuzindikira zolakwika ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto okonza. Zotsatira zake zimawonjezeka ndi kukula kwa netiweki yowunikira ndipo zimabwereranso ku ROI yoyamba. Msikawu umati njira iyi ikhoza kudzilipira yokha patatha zaka pafupifupi zisanu, ndipo ili ndi kuthekera kodzilipira yokha munthawi yochepa pophatikiza malingaliro "ofewa" anzeru amzinda, monga omwe ali ndi masensa oimika magalimoto, oyang'anira magalimoto, kuwongolera mpweya wabwino ndi zowunikira mfuti.
Guidehouse Insights, katswiri wofufuza za msika, amafufuza mizinda yoposa 200 kuti aone momwe kusinthaku kukuyendera; ikunena kuti kotala la mizinda ikuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira mwanzeru. Kugulitsa makina anzeru kukukwera. Kafukufuku wa ABI akuwerengera kuti ndalama zomwe zimapezedwa padziko lonse lapansi zidzakwera kakhumi kufika pa $1.7 biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2026. "Nthawi ya babu lamagetsi" padziko lapansi ili motere; zomangamanga zowunikira mumsewu, zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zochita za anthu, ndiye njira yopitira patsogolo ngati nsanja ya mizinda yanzeru m'malo ambiri. Pofika chaka cha 2022, magawo awiri mwa atatu a makina atsopano owunikira mumsewu adzalumikizidwa ndi nsanja yoyang'anira pakati kuti aphatikize deta kuchokera ku masensa ambiri anzeru mumzinda, ABI idatero.
Adarsh Krishnan, katswiri wamkulu wa kafukufuku ku ABI Research, anati: “Pali mwayi wambiri wamabizinesi kwa ogulitsa anzeru mumzinda omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga za mizinda pogwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwa opanda zingwe, masensa oteteza chilengedwe komanso makamera anzeru. Vuto ndikupeza njira zabwino zamabizinesi zomwe zimalimbikitsa anthu kugwiritsa ntchito njira zogwiritsira ntchito masensa ambiri pamlingo wotsika mtengo.”
Funso sililinso ngati tilumikizane, koma momwe tingalumikizire, komanso kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe tingalumikizire poyamba. Monga momwe Krishnan akuonera, gawo la izi ndi la mabizinesi, koma ndalama zikulowa kale m'mizinda yanzeru kudzera mu mgwirizano wazinthu zachinsinsi (PPP), komwe makampani achinsinsi amatenga chiopsezo chazachuma kuti apambane mu bizinesi yawo. Mapangano olembetsedwa a "as-a-service" amafalitsa ndalama panthawi yobwezera ndalama, zomwe zidalimbikitsanso ntchito.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, magetsi a pamsewu ku Ulaya akulumikizidwa ku maukonde achikhalidwe a uchi (nthawi zambiri 2G mpaka LTE (4G)) komanso chipangizo chatsopano cha HONEYCOMB Iot, LTE-M. Ukadaulo wa ultra-narrowband (UNB) ukuyambanso kugwira ntchito, pamodzi ndi Zigbee, Bluetooth yochepa yamphamvu yochepa, ndi ma derivatives a IEEE 802.15.4.
Bungwe la Bluetooth Technology Alliance (SIG) limayang'ana kwambiri mizinda yanzeru. Gululi likulosera kuti kutumiza kwa Bluetooth yamphamvu yochepa m'mizinda yanzeru kudzakula kasanu pazaka zisanu zikubwerazi, kufika pa 230 miliyoni pachaka. Ambiri amalumikizidwa ndi kutsata katundu m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri, monga ma eyapoti, mabwalo amasewera, zipatala, malo ogulitsira ndi nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale. Komabe, Bluetooth yamphamvu yochepa imayang'ananso ma netiweki akunja. "Njira yoyendetsera katundu imathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zanzeru mumzinda ndipo imathandiza kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito m'mizinda," adatero bungwe la Bluetooth Technology Alliance.
Kuphatikiza Njira Ziwirizi Ndikwabwino Kwambiri!
Komabe, ukadaulo uliwonse uli ndi mikangano yake, ndipo zina mwa izo zathetsedwa mkangano. Mwachitsanzo, UNB ikupereka malire okhwima pa nthawi yonyamula katundu ndi nthawi yotumizira, zomwe sizingathandize pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana za masensa kapena mapulogalamu monga makamera omwe amafunikira. Ukadaulo wa nthawi yochepa ndi wotsika mtengo ndipo umapereka mphamvu zambiri popanga zowunikira ngati nsanja. Chofunika kwambiri, amathanso kuchita gawo lothandizira pakagwa vuto la kutsekedwa kwa chizindikiro cha WAN, ndikupereka njira kwa akatswiri kuti awerenge masensa mwachindunji kuti athetse mavuto ndi kuzindikira. Bluetooth yamphamvu yochepa, mwachitsanzo, imagwira ntchito ndi mafoni onse am'manja omwe ali pamsika.
Ngakhale kuti gridi yokhuthala imatha kulimbitsa mphamvu zake, kapangidwe kake kamakhala kovuta ndipo kamapangitsa kuti mphamvu zambiri zigwiritsidwe ntchito pa masensa olumikizana a point-to-point. Kuchuluka kwa ma transmissions nakonso ndi vuto; Kufalikira pogwiritsa ntchito Zigbee ndi Bluetooth yamphamvu yochepa kuli mamita ochepa okha. Ngakhale kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matekinoloje afupiafupi ndi opikisana ndipo ndi oyenera masensa okhala ndi gridi, ndi ma network otsekedwa omwe pamapeto pake amafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zipata kuti atumize zizindikiro kubwerera kumtambo.
Kulumikizana kwa uchi nthawi zambiri kumawonjezeredwa kumapeto. Chizolowezi cha ogulitsa magetsi anzeru ndikugwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwa uchi kuchokera ku point-to-cloud kuti apereke chipata cha mtunda wa makilomita 5 mpaka 15 kapena chipangizo cha sensor. Ukadaulo wa njuchi umabweretsa kufalikira kwakukulu komanso kosavuta; Umaperekanso maukonde okhazikika komanso chitetezo chapamwamba, malinga ndi gulu la Hive.
Neill Young, mkulu wa Internet of Things Vertical ku GSMA, bungwe loyimira ogwira ntchito pa intaneti ya mafoni, anati: “Ogwira ntchito pa intaneti… ali ndi zonse zokhudza dera lonselo, motero safuna zomangamanga zina zowonjezera kuti alumikize zida zowunikira za m’mizinda ndi masensa. Mu netiweki ya uchi yokhala ndi chilolezo ili ndi chitetezo ndi kudalirika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti wogwiritsa ntchito ali ndi mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri, amatha kuthandizira zosowa zambiri, moyo wautali wa batri komanso kukonza kochepa komanso mtunda wautali wa zida zotsika mtengo.”
Malinga ndi ABI, mwa ukadaulo wonse wolumikizira womwe ulipo, HONEYCOMB iwona kukula kwakukulu m'zaka zikubwerazi. Kukangana kwa maukonde a 5G ndi kufunafuna zomangamanga za 5G kwapangitsa ogwira ntchito kuti agwire ndodo yowunikira ndikudzaza mayunitsi ang'onoang'ono a uchi m'mizinda. Ku United States, Las Vegas ndi Sacramento akuyika LTE ndi 5G, komanso masensa anzeru amzinda, pamagetsi amsewu kudzera mumakampani opanga ma AT&T ndi Verizon. Hong Kong yangowulula kumene dongosolo loyika ma nyali 400 oyendetsedwa ndi 5G ngati gawo la ntchito yake yanzeru yamzinda.
Kuphatikiza Kwamphamvu kwa Zipangizo Zazida
Nielsen anawonjezera kuti: “Nordic imapereka zinthu zamtundu wafupi komanso wautali zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ambiri, ndi nRF52840 SoC yake yothandizira Bluetooth yamphamvu yochepa, Bluetooth Mesh ndi Zigbee, komanso makina a Thread ndi 2.4ghz. NRF9160 SiP yochokera ku Nordic yochokera ku Honeycomb imapereka chithandizo cha LTE-M ndi NB-iot. Kuphatikiza kwa matekinoloje awiriwa kumabweretsa magwiridwe antchito komanso phindu la mtengo.”
Kulekanitsa ma frequency kumalola machitidwewa kukhala pamodzi, ndipo oyambawo akugwira ntchito mu gulu la 2.4ghz lopanda chilolezo ndipo omalizawo akugwira ntchito kulikonse komwe kuli LTE. Pa ma frequency otsika ndi apamwamba, pali kusiyana pakati pa kufalikira kwa dera lalikulu ndi mphamvu yayikulu yotumizira. Koma m'mapulatifomu owunikira, ukadaulo wopanda zingwe waufupi nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza masensa, mphamvu ya computing ya m'mphepete imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira ndi kusanthula, ndipo iot ya uchi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutumiza deta ku cloud, komanso kuwongolera masensa kuti azitha kukonza bwino.
Pakadali pano, mawayilesi awiri afupi ndi aatali awonjezedwa padera, osati omangidwa mu silicon chip imodzi. Nthawi zina, zigawozo zimalekanitsidwa chifukwa kulephera kwa illuminator, sensa ndi wailesi zonse ndi zosiyana. Komabe, kuphatikiza mawayilesi awiri mu dongosolo limodzi kudzapangitsa kuti ukadaulo ugwirizane kwambiri komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zogulira, zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri pa mizinda yanzeru.
Nordic ikuganiza kuti msika ukupita mbali imeneyo. Kampaniyo yaphatikiza ukadaulo wolumikizira wa waya waufupi komanso wa uchi wa IoT mu hardware ndi mapulogalamu pamlingo wa opanga mapulogalamu kuti opanga mayankho athe kuyendetsa zinthu ziwirizi nthawi imodzi mu mapulogalamu oyesera. Bungwe la Nordic la DK la nRF9160 SiP linapangidwa kuti opanga mapulogalamu "apange mapulogalamu awo a Honeycomb iot kugwira ntchito"; Nordic Thingy:91 yafotokozedwa ngati "chipata chokwanira" chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati nsanja yopangira zinthu kapena umboni wa kapangidwe ka zinthu zoyambirira.
Zonsezi zili ndi multi-mode honeycomb nRF9160 SiP ndi multi-protocol short-range nRF52840 SoC. Makina ophatikizidwa omwe amaphatikiza matekinoloje awiriwa a IoT amalonda ali pafupi "miyezi" yokha kuti agulitsidwe, malinga ndi Nordic.
Nordic Nielsen anati: "Nsanja yowunikira yanzeru ya mzinda yakhazikitsidwa, ukadaulo wonsewu wolumikizirana; msika uli ndi njira yodziwira bwino momwe ungagwirizanitsire pamodzi, tapereka mayankho kwa bungwe lopanga opanga, kuti tiyese momwe amagwirira ntchito limodzi. Amaphatikizidwa kukhala mayankho abizinesi ndikofunikira, pakapita nthawi."
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-29-2022