Popeza msika wa IoT wakhala wotentha, ogulitsa mapulogalamu ndi zida zosiyanasiyana ayamba kuchulukirachulukira, ndipo pambuyo poti kugawikana kwa msika kwafotokozedwa bwino, zinthu ndi mayankho omwe ali ofanana ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito akhala otchuka. Ndipo, kuti zinthu/mayankho akwaniritse zosowa za makasitomala nthawi imodzi, opanga oyenera amatha kupeza ulamuliro ndikupeza ndalama zambiri, ukadaulo wodzifufuza wakhala njira yayikulu, makamaka ukadaulo wolumikizirana wopanda mafoni, ukangofika pamsika pamakhala zinthu zambiri zomwe zikukula.
Ponena za kulumikizana kwa waya pang'ono, pali Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Z-Wave, Thread ndi ukadaulo wina; pankhani ya netiweki ya dera lalikulu lamagetsi ochepa (LPWAN), palinso Sigfox, LoRa, ZETA, WIoTa, Turmass ndi ukadaulo wina wosiyana kwambiri.
Kenako, pepalali likufotokoza mwachidule momwe zinthu zilili pakukula kwa ukadaulo wina womwe uli pamwambapa, ndikusanthula ukadaulo uliwonse m'mbali zitatu: kupanga zatsopano, kukonzekera msika, ndi kusintha kwa unyolo wamakampani kuti tikambirane za momwe zinthu zilili panopa komanso zomwe zikuchitika mtsogolo pamsika wolumikizirana wa IoT.
Kulankhulana kwapang'ono opanda zingwe: Kukula kwa malo, kulumikizana kwaukadaulo
Masiku ano, ukadaulo uliwonse wolumikizirana wopanda zingwe ukupitirirabe, ndipo kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito, magwiridwe antchito, ndi kusintha kwa ukadaulo uliwonse kuli ndi vumbulutso pa momwe msika umayendera. Pakadali pano, pali chodabwitsa cha ukadaulo wa To C To B pakufufuza malo, komanso mu kulumikizana kwa ukadaulo, kuwonjezera pa kutsika kwa protocol ya Matter, kulumikizana kwa ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana kulinso ndi kupita patsogolo kwina.
bulutufi
· Bluetooth 5.4 Yatulutsidwa - Kuonjezera Mtengo Wamagetsi Pulogalamu Yolembera
Malinga ndi Bluetooth Core Specification Version 5.4, ESL (Electronic Price Label) imagwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira maadiresi a chipangizo (binary) yokhala ndi ID ya ESL ya manambala 8 ndi ID ya gulu la manambala 7. Ndipo ID ya ESL ndi yapadera pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, netiweki ya chipangizo cha ESL imatha kukhala ndi magulu okwana 128, iliyonse yokhala ndi zida zapadera za ESL zokwana 255 zomwe zili m'gululo. Mwachidule, mu pulogalamu ya tag yamtengo wamagetsi, ngati netiweki ya Bluetooth 5.4 ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, pakhoza kukhala zida zonse za ESL zokwana 32,640 mu netiweki, tag iliyonse imatha kulamulidwa kuchokera pamalo amodzi olowera.
Wifi
· Kukula kwa malo mpaka maloko anzeru a zitseko, ndi zina zotero.
Kuwonjezera pa zovala ndi ma speaker anzeru, zinthu zanzeru zapakhomo monga mabelu a pakhomo, ma thermostat, mawotchi a alamu, opanga khofi ndi mababu tsopano zalumikizidwa ku ma netiweki a Wi-Fi. Kuphatikiza apo, ma smart locks akuyembekezekanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma netiweki a Wi-Fi kuti apeze mautumiki ambiri. Wi-Fi 6 ikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake pamene ikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa deta powonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino netiweki ndikuwonjezera bandwidth.
· Kuyika Wi-Fi pamalo kukuyamba kugwira ntchito
Popeza kulondola kwa malo a Wi-Fi tsopano kukufikira pa 1-2m ndi mibadwo yachitatu ndi yachinayi yomwe ikupangidwa kutengera ntchito za malo a Wi-Fi, ukadaulo watsopano wa LBS uthandizira kusintha kwakukulu pakulondola kuti uthandize ogula osiyanasiyana, mafakitale, mabizinesi, ndi zina zotero. Dorothy Stanley, katswiri wopanga miyezo ku Aruba Networks komanso wapampando wa IEEE 802.11 Working Group, adati ukadaulo watsopano komanso wokonzedwa bwino wa LBS uthandiza kuti malo a Wi-Fi asamukire mkati mwa 0.1m. Ukadaulo watsopano komanso wokonzedwa bwino wa LBS uthandiza kuti malo a Wi-Fi akhale mkati mwa 0.1m, adatero Dorothy Stanley, katswiri wopanga miyezo ku Aruba Networks komanso wapampando wa IEEE 802.11 Working Group.
Zigbee
· Kutulutsidwa kwa Zigbee Direct, kulumikizana mwachindunji kwa Bluetooth komwe kumagwirizana ndi mafoni am'manja
Kwa ogula, Zigbee Direct imapereka njira yatsopano yolumikizirana kudzera mu Bluetooth, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zipangizo za Bluetooth zizitha kupeza zipangizo mu netiweki ya Zigbee popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mtambo kapena hub. Pankhaniyi, netiweki mu Zigbee imatha kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi foni kudzera muukadaulo wa Bluetooth, zomwe zimathandiza kuti foni izilamulira zipangizo mu netiweki ya Zigbee.
· Kutulutsidwa kwa Zigbee PRO 2023 kumawonjezera chitetezo cha chipangizocho
Zigbee PRO 2023 imakulitsa kapangidwe kake ka chitetezo kuti igwirizane ndi ntchito yoyang'ana ma hub mwa "kugwira ntchito ndi ma hub onse", chinthu chomwe chimawongolera ma network olimba a hub-centric pothandiza zida kuzindikira node yoyenera kwambiri yolumikizirana ndikulowanso pa netiwekiyo mosamala. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezera chithandizo cha ma frequency a European (800 Mhz) ndi North America (900 MHZ) sub-gigahertz kumapereka mphamvu yayikulu ya ma signal ndi mtunda kuti zithandizire kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri.
Kudzera mu chidziwitso chomwe chili pamwambapa, sikovuta kupeza mfundo ziwiri, choyamba ndichakuti njira yosinthira ukadaulo wolumikizirana ikusintha pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pakukonzanso magwiridwe antchito mpaka kukwaniritsa zosowa za zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito ndikupereka zinthu zatsopano kwa ogwirizana nawo muunyolo wamakampani; chachiwiri ndichakuti kuwonjezera pa protocol ya Matter mu "zopinga" zolumikizirana, ukadaulowu ulinso mu kulumikizana kwa njira ziwiri ndi kugwirira ntchito limodzi.
Zachidziwikire, kulumikizana kwapang'ono opanda zingwe monga netiweki yapafupi ndi gawo limodzi chabe la kulumikizana kwa IoT, ndipo ndikukhulupirira kuti ukadaulo wopitilira wa LPWAN, umakopanso chidwi cha anthu ambiri.
LPWAN
· Kukweza ntchito za unyolo wa mafakitale, malo ambiri ogulitsa kunja kwa dziko
Kuyambira zaka zoyambirira pamene ukadaulo unayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kutchuka, mpaka masiku ano kufunafuna njira zatsopano zopititsira patsogolo misika yambiri, njira yosinthira ukadaulo ikusintha kwambiri. Zikumveka kuti kuwonjezera pa ukadaulo wawung'ono wolumikizirana wopanda zingwe, zambiri zachitika pamsika wa LPWAN m'zaka zaposachedwa.
LoRa
· Semtech yagula kampani ya Sierra Wireless
Semtech, yemwe adapanga ukadaulo wa LoRa, adzaphatikiza ukadaulo wa LoRa wopanda zingwe mu ma module a cellular a Sierra Wireless ndi kugula Sierra Wireless, kampani yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri ma module olumikizirana ndi mafoni, ndipo pophatikiza zinthu za makampani awiriwa, makasitomala azitha kupeza nsanja ya cloud ya IoT yomwe ingachite ntchito zambiri kuphatikiza kuyang'anira zida, kuyang'anira ma network ndi chitetezo.
· Zipata 6 miliyoni, ma node otsiriza 300 miliyoni
Ndikoyenera kunena kuti LoRa ikupita patsogolo m'njira zosiyanasiyana kunyumba ndi kunja kutengera zofunikira zosiyanasiyana m'dziko lililonse, pomwe China ikupita ku "maukonde am'madera" ndi mayiko akunja akupitiliza kupanga ma WAN akuluakulu. Zikumveka kuti nsanja yakunja ya Helium (Helium) imapereka chithandizo chachikulu pa chipata cha LoRa kutengera mphotho ya digito komanso njira yogwiritsira ntchito. Ogwira ntchito ake ku North America akuphatikizapo Actibility, Senet, X-TELIA, ndi zina zotero.
Sigfox
· Kugwirizana ndi Kugwirizana kwa Ukadaulo Wambiri
Kuyambira pamene kampani ya Singapore ya IoT, UnaBiz, idagula Sigfox chaka chatha, kampani yoyamba yasintha momwe ntchito zake zimagwirira ntchito, makamaka pankhani yogwirizana kwa ukadaulo, ndipo Sigfox tsopano ikuphatikiza ukadaulo wina wa LPWA ndi ukadaulo waung'ono wolumikizirana wopanda zingwe kuti ugwire ntchito zake. Posachedwapa, UnaBiz yathandizira mgwirizano wa Sigfox ndi LoRa.
· Kusintha kwa Chitsanzo cha Bizinesi
UnaBiz inakhazikitsanso njira ya bizinesi ya Sigfox ndi njira yake ya bizinesi. Kale, njira ya Sigfox yosankha kupanga mphamvu yapadziko lonse lapansi kuti ikwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana ndikukhala woyendetsa yokha inapangitsa makampani ambiri kukhala omasuka mu unyolo wamakampani chifukwa cha ulamuliro wake wokhwima pa njira yaukadaulo, zomwe zimafuna kuti ogwirizana nawo kutengera netiweki ya Sigfox agawane ndalama zambiri zomwe amapeza, ndi zina zotero. Ndipo lero, m'malo mongoyang'ana kwambiri pa ntchito za netiweki, UnaBiz ikuyang'ana kwambiri mafakitale ofunikira kuti apereke ntchito, kusintha njira yogwirira ntchito kwa omwe akukhudzidwa (ogwirizana nawo, makasitomala ndi ogwira ntchito ku Sigfox) ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kutayika kwa Sigfox ndi 2/3 pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2022 poyerekeza ndi kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2021.
ZETA
· Chilengedwe chotseguka, chitukuko cha mgwirizano wa makampani
Mosiyana ndi LoRa, komwe 95% ya ma chips amapangidwa ndi Semtech yokha, makampani a ZETA a ma chips ndi ma module ali ndi anthu ambiri, kuphatikizapo STMicroelectronics (ST), Silicon Labs, ndi Socionext kunja, komanso opanga ma semiconductor am'nyumba monga Quanxin Micro, Huapu Micro, ndi Zhipu Micro. Kuphatikiza apo, ZETA imagwirizana ndi socionext, Huapu Micro, Zhipu Micro, DaYu Semiconductor ndi opanga ena a ma chips, osangokhala kugwiritsa ntchito ma module a ZETA okha, amatha kupereka zilolezo za IP kwa opanga mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana mumakampani, ndikupanga chilengedwe chotseguka kwambiri.
· Kupanga nsanja ya ZETA PaaS
Kudzera pa nsanja ya ZETA PaaS, opanga mapulogalamu amatha kupanga njira zothetsera mavuto ambiri; opereka ukadaulo amatha kugwirizana ndi IoT PaaS kuti afikire makasitomala ambiri; opanga amatha kulumikizana ndi msika mwachangu ndikuchepetsa mtengo wonse. Kuphatikiza apo, kudzera pa nsanja ya PaaS, chipangizo chilichonse cha ZETA chimatha kudutsa zoletsa zamagulu ndi zochitika kuti zilumikizane, kuti afufuze phindu lochulukirapo la kugwiritsa ntchito deta.
Kudzera mu chitukuko cha ukadaulo wa LPWAN, makamaka kulephera kwa bankirapuse ndi "kuukanso" kwa Sigfox, zitha kuwoneka kuti, kuti tipeze maubwenzi ambiri, ukadaulo wolumikizirana wa IoT umafuna ogwirizana nawo kuti apange mgwirizano ndikuwongolera kutenga nawo mbali kwa omwe akukhudzidwa ndi ndalama. Nthawi yomweyo, titha kuwonanso kuti ukadaulo wina monga LoRa ndi ZETA ukukulitsanso zachilengedwe.
Mwachidule, poyerekeza ndi zaka zam'mbuyomu pamene ukadaulo wolumikizirana unayamba ndipo aliyense wa ukadaulo ankagwira ntchito payekha, chizolowezi chachikulu m'zaka zaposachedwapa ndi kugwirizana, kuphatikizapo kugwirizana kwa ukadaulo waung'ono wolumikizirana wopanda zingwe pankhani ya magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito, ndi ukadaulo wa LPWAN pankhani yogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kumbali inayi, zinthu monga kufalikira kwa deta ndi kuchedwa, zomwe kale zinali zofunikira kwambiri pakubwerezabwereza kwa ukadaulo, tsopano zakhala zofunikira kwambiri, ndipo cholinga chachikulu pakubwerezabwereza kwa ukadaulo tsopano ndi kukulitsa zochitika ndi ntchito. Kusintha kwa njira yobwerezabwereza kumatanthauza kuti chiwerengero cha omwe akuchita nawo bizinesi chikuwonjezeka ndipo zachilengedwe zikupita patsogolo. Monga maziko a kulumikizana kwa IoT, ukadaulo wolumikizirana sudzasiya kulumikizana "kwachizolowezi" mtsogolo, koma udzakhala ndi malingaliro atsopano ambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-27-2023