Mu Calvino wolemba wa ku Italy "Mzinda Wosaoneka" muli chiganizo ichi: "Mzindawu uli ngati maloto, zonse zomwe zingathe kuganiziridwa zikhoza kulota ..."
Monga chilengedwe chachikulu cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, mzindawu uli ndi chikhumbo cha anthu chokhala ndi moyo wabwino.Kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, kuchokera ku Plato kupita ku More, anthu akhala akufuna kupanga utopia.Choncho, m’lingaliro lina, kumangidwa kwa mizinda yatsopano yanzeru kuli pafupi kwambiri ndi kukhalapo kwa malingaliro a anthu a moyo wabwinoko.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, pansi pa chitukuko chofulumira cha chitukuko chatsopano cha zomangamanga ku China komanso m'badwo watsopano waukadaulo wazidziwitso monga intaneti ya Zinthu, ntchito yomanga mizinda yanzeru ikukulirakulira, komanso mzinda wamaloto womwe umatha kuzindikira ndi kuganiza, kusinthika ndikukhala ndi moyo. kutentha pang'onopang'ono kukhala chenicheni.
Ntchito yachiwiri yayikulu kwambiri pantchito ya IoT: Smart Cities
Mizinda yanzeru ndi mapulojekiti amizinda anzeru akhala amodzi mwamakhazikitsidwe omwe amakambidwa mwachangu, omwe amakwaniritsidwa makamaka kudzera munjira yogwirizana ndi intaneti ya Zinthu, deta ndi kulumikizana, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zophatikizira ndi matekinoloje ena.
Mapulojekiti a Smart city akuyenera kuchulukirachulukira pamene akutsagana ndikusintha kuchoka kumaprojekiti akanthawi anzeru a mzinda kupita kumizinda yoyamba yanzeru.Ndipotu, kukula kumeneku kunayamba zaka zingapo zapitazo ndikufulumira mu 2016. Mwa zina, n'zosavuta kuona kuti mapulojekiti anzeru a mumzinda ndi amodzi mwa malo otsogolera a IoT.
Malinga ndi kuwunika kwa lipoti lofalitsidwa ndi IoT Analytics, kampani yaku Germany ya IoT analytics, mapulojekiti anzeru amzindawu ndi projekiti yachiwiri yayikulu kwambiri ya IoT potengera gawo lapadziko lonse lapansi la projekiti za IoT, pambuyo pa intaneti.Ndipo pakati pa mapulojekiti anzeru akumzinda, ntchito yotchuka kwambiri ndi mayendedwe anzeru, otsatiridwa ndi zida zanzeru.
Kuti mukhale mzinda wanzeru "woona", mizinda imafunikira njira yophatikizika yomwe imalumikiza mapulojekiti ndikumata data ndi nsanja zambiri kuti zizindikire zabwino zonse za mzinda wanzeru.Mwa zina, matekinoloje otseguka ndi mapulatifomu otseguka a data adzakhala ofunikira kuti apite ku gawo lotsatira.
IDC imati mapulatifomu otseguka a data mu 2018 ndi gawo lotsatira pazokambirana kuti akhale nsanja ya IoT.Ngakhale izi zidzakumana ndi zopinga zina ndipo palibe kutchulidwa kwachindunji kwa mizinda yanzeru, zikuwonekeratu kuti kutukuka kwa nsanja zotseguka zotere kudzawonekera kwambiri mu danga la mzinda wanzeru.
Kusintha kumeneku kwa deta yotseguka kumatchulidwa mu IDC FutureScape: 2017 Global IoT Forecast, pomwe kampaniyo imati mpaka 40% ya maboma am'deralo ndi zigawo adzagwiritsa ntchito IoT kusintha zomangamanga monga magetsi, misewu ndi zizindikiro zamagalimoto kukhala katundu, osati ngongole. , pofika 2019.
Kodi mawonekedwe a smart city application ndi ati?
Mwina sitiganizira nthawi yomweyo za ntchito zanzeru zachilengedwe komanso machenjezo ochenjeza za kusefukira kwa madzi, koma n'zosakayikitsa kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri pamapulojekiti anzeru amizinda.Mwachitsanzo, pamene kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe cha m'tawuni kumatsutsidwa, ndiye kuti ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomanga mapulojekiti anzeru a mumzinda, chifukwa angapereke phindu lachangu komanso lothandiza kwa nzika.
Zachidziwikire, zitsanzo zodziwika bwino zamatawuni anzeru zikuphatikiza kuyimitsidwa mwanzeru, kuwongolera magalimoto mwanzeru, kuyatsa kwanzeru mumsewu ndi kasamalidwe ka zinyalala mwanzeru.Izi zati, milanduyi imakondanso kuphatikiza kusakanikirana bwino, kuthetsa mavuto akumizinda, kuchepetsa ndalama, kukonza moyo m'matauni, ndikuyika nzika patsogolo pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.
M'munsimu muli zochitika zina zogwiritsira ntchito kapena madera okhudzana ndi mizinda yanzeru.
Ntchito zapagulu, monga ntchito zachitukuko, ntchito zokopa alendo, zoyendera za anthu onse, zozindikiritsa ndi kasamalidwe, ndi mautumiki azidziwitso.
Chitetezo cha anthu, m'malo monga kuyatsa mwanzeru, kuyang'anira chilengedwe, kutsata katundu, apolisi, kuyang'anira mavidiyo ndi kuyankha mwadzidzidzi
Kukhazikika, kuphatikiza kuyang'anira zachilengedwe, kuwongolera zinyalala mwanzeru ndikubwezeretsanso, mphamvu zanzeru, metering yanzeru, madzi anzeru, ndi zina zambiri.
Zomangamanga, kuphatikiza zomangamanga zanzeru, kuyang'anira thanzi lanyumba ndi zipilala, nyumba zanzeru, ulimi wothirira mwanzeru, ndi zina zambiri.
Mayendedwe: misewu yanzeru, kugawana magalimoto olumikizidwa, kuyimitsidwa mwanzeru, kuyang'anira ma traffic mwanzeru, kuwunikira phokoso ndi kuipitsidwa, etc.
Kuphatikizika kochulukira kwa ntchito zamatawuni anzeru ndi ntchito m'malo monga chisamaliro chaumoyo chanzeru, maphunziro anzeru, kulamulira mwanzeru, kukonzekera mwanzeru, ndi data yanzeru/yotseguka, zomwe ndi zinthu zazikulu zothandizira mizinda yanzeru.
Zoposa mzinda wanzeru wa "Technology" chabe
Pamene tikuyamba kupita kumizinda yanzeru, zosankha zokhudzana ndi kulumikizana, kusinthana kwa data, nsanja za IoT, ndi zina zipitilira kusintha.
Makamaka pazinthu zambiri zogwiritsa ntchito monga kasamalidwe ka zinyalala mwanzeru kapena kuyimitsidwa mwanzeru, ukadaulo wa IoT wamapulogalamu amasiku ano amizinda ndiosavuta komanso otsika mtengo.Malo okhala m'matauni nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawayilesi abwino oti azitha kuyenda, pali mitambo, pali mayankho ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira mapulojekiti anzeru amizinda, ndipo pali maulumikizidwe amphamvu ocheperako (LPWAN) m'mizinda ingapo padziko lonse lapansi yomwe ili yokwanira mapulogalamu ambiri.
Ngakhale pali mbali yofunika yaukadaulo pa izi, pali zambiri kumizinda yanzeru kuposa pamenepo.Wina akhoza ngakhale kukambirana tanthauzo la “nzeru”.Zowonadi, muzovuta kwambiri komanso zomveka bwino za mizinda yanzeru, ndizokhudza kukwaniritsa zosowa za nzika ndikuthetsa zovuta za anthu, anthu komanso madera akumidzi.
M'mawu ena: mizinda yokhala ndi mapulojekiti opambana amizinda sikuwonetsa ukadaulo, koma zolinga zomwe zakwaniritsidwa potengera malingaliro athunthu a malo omangidwa ndi zosowa za anthu (kuphatikiza zosowa zauzimu).M'zochita, dziko lililonse ndi chikhalidwe ndi zosiyana, ngakhale zofunika zofunika ndizofala kwambiri ndipo zimaphatikizapo zolinga zambiri zogwirira ntchito ndi zamalonda.
Pakatikati pa chilichonse chotchedwa zanzeru masiku ano, kaya ndi nyumba zanzeru, ma gridi anzeru kapena mizinda yanzeru, ndi kulumikizana ndi data, zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi umisiri wosiyanasiyana ndikumasuliridwa munzeru zomwe zimathandizira kupanga zisankho.Inde, izi sizikutanthauza kuti kulumikizana ndi intaneti ya Zinthu;madera olumikizana ndi nzika ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Poganizira zovuta zambiri zapadziko lonse lapansi monga ukalamba ndi zovuta zanyengo, komanso "maphunziro omwe taphunzira" kuchokera ku mliriwu, zikuwonekeratu kuti ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kale kuwunikanso cholinga cha mizinda, makamaka kuyambira momwe chikhalidwe cha anthu chikukhalira moyo udzakhala wovuta nthawi zonse.
Kafukufuku wa Accenture yemwe adayang'ana ntchito zapagulu zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi nzika, zomwe zidawunika kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje atsopano kuphatikiza intaneti yazinthu, zidapeza kuti kuwongolera kukhutitsidwa kwa nzika kunalidi pamwamba pamndandanda.Monga momwe infographic ya kafukufukuyo ikuwonetsera, kuwongolera kukhutira kwa ogwira ntchito kunalinso kwakukulu (80%), ndipo nthawi zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje atsopano olumikizidwa kwadzetsa zotsatira zowoneka bwino.
Kodi pali zovuta zotani kuti mukhale ndi mzinda wanzeru kwenikweni?
Ngakhale kuti ntchito zamatawuni zanzeru zakula ndipo zatsopano zikutulutsidwa ndikutumizidwa, patha zaka zingapo tisanatchule mzinda kuti "mzinda wanzeru".
Masiku ano mizinda yanzeru ndi masomphenya kuposa njira yomaliza yomaliza.Tangoganizani kuti pali ntchito yambiri yoti ichitike pazochitika, katundu ndi zomangamanga kuti mukhale ndi mzinda wanzeru kwenikweni, komanso kuti ntchitoyi ikhoza kumasuliridwa kuti ikhale yanzeru.Komabe, kupeza mzinda weniweni wanzeru ndizovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha zomwe zikukhudzidwa.
Mumzinda wanzeru, madera onsewa amalumikizidwa, ndipo ichi sichinthu chomwe chingachitike usiku wonse.Pali zinthu zambiri zolowa, monga machitidwe ndi malamulo ena, zida zatsopano zimafunikira, kulumikizana kochulukirapo kuyenera kupangidwa, ndipo pali kulumikizana kwakukulu komwe kukuyenera kuchitika pamagulu onse (kasamalidwe ka mizinda, ntchito zaboma, ntchito zamayendedwe. , chitetezo ndi chitetezo, zomangamanga za anthu, mabungwe aboma ndi makontrakitala, ntchito zamaphunziro, etc.).
Kuonjezera apo, kuchokera ku teknoloji ndi malingaliro a njira, zikuwonekeratu kuti tifunikanso kuganizira za chitetezo, deta yaikulu, kuyenda, mtambo ndi matekinoloje osiyanasiyana ogwirizanitsa, ndi nkhani zokhudzana ndi chidziwitso.Zikuwonekeratu kuti chidziwitso, komanso kasamalidwe ka chidziwitso ndi ntchito za data, ndizofunikira kwambiri ku mzinda wanzeru wamasiku ano ndi mawa.
Vuto lina limene silinganyalanyazidwe ndilo maganizo ndi kufunitsitsa kwa nzika.Ndipo kupereka ndalama kwa ntchito zamatawuni anzeru ndi chimodzi mwazopunthwitsa.M'lingaliro limeneli, ndibwino kuwona zoyesayesa za boma, kaya zadziko kapena zapadziko lonse, zokhudzana ndi mizinda yanzeru kapena zachilengedwe, kapena zoyambitsidwa ndi ochita malonda, monga Cisco's Urban Infrastructure Finance Acceleration Programme.
Koma momveka bwino, zovuta izi sizikuletsa kukula kwa mizinda yanzeru ndi mapulojekiti anzeru amizinda.Pamene mizinda ikugawana zomwe akumana nazo ndikupanga mapulojekiti anzeru okhala ndi zopindulitsa zomveka bwino, amakhala ndi mwayi wokulitsa ukadaulo wawo ndikuphunzira kuchokera ku zolephera zomwe zingachitike.Pokhala ndi mapu amsewu omwe akuphatikizapo okhudzidwa osiyanasiyana, ndipo izi zidzakulitsa kwambiri mwayi wamapulojekiti amakono a mzinda wamakono m'tsogolomu, zowonjezereka.
Onani mwatsatanetsatane mizinda yanzeru
Ngakhale kuti mizinda yanzeru imalumikizidwa mosakayikira ndiukadaulo, masomphenya a mzinda wanzeru ndi ochulukirapo kuposa pamenepo.Chimodzi mwazofunikira pamzinda wanzeru ndikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo woyenerera kuti ukhale ndi moyo wabwino mumzinda.
Pamene chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lapansi chikukula, mizinda yatsopano ikufunika kumangidwa ndipo madera omwe alipo kale akupitiriza kukula.Akagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, luso lamakono ndilofunika kwambiri kuti tithane ndi zovutazi ndikuthandizira kuthetsa mavuto ambiri omwe akukumana nawo masiku ano.Komabe, kuti mupange dziko lamzinda wanzeru, malingaliro ochulukirapo akufunika.
Akatswiri ambiri amawona bwino mizinda yanzeru, malinga ndi zolinga ndi ukadaulo, ndipo ena angatchule pulogalamu iliyonse yam'manja yopangidwa ndi gawo lililonse ngati ntchito yamzinda wanzeru.
1. Malingaliro aumunthu kupitirira luso lamakono: kupanga mizinda kukhala malo abwino okhalamo
Ziribe kanthu momwe matekinoloje athu alili anzeru komanso anzeru bwanji oti agwiritse ntchito, tiyenera kuthana ndi zinthu zina zofunika - anthu, makamaka kuchokera pamalingaliro 5, kuphatikiza chitetezo ndi kukhulupirirana, kuphatikizidwa ndi kutenga nawo mbali, kufunitsitsa kusintha, kufunitsitsa kuchitapo kanthu, kukhala pagulu. mgwirizano, etc.
Jerry Hultin, wapampando wa Global Future Group, tcheyamani wa Smart City Expo World Congress Advisory Board, komanso katswiri wodziwa bwino za mzinda, anati, "Titha kuchita zinthu zambiri, koma pamapeto pake, tiyenera kuyamba tokha."
Kugwirizana kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi nsalu ya mzinda umene anthu amafuna kukhalamo, kukonda, kukula, kuphunzira ndi kusamalira, nsalu ya dziko lamzinda wanzeru.Monga nkhani za m'mizinda, nzika zili ndi chidwi chotenga nawo mbali, kusintha, ndi kuchitapo kanthu.Koma m'mizinda yambiri, samadzimva kuti akuphatikizidwa kapena kufunsidwa kuti atenge nawo mbali, ndipo izi ndi zoona makamaka pakati pa anthu ena komanso m'mayiko omwe anthu amayang'ana kwambiri luso lamakono la mizinda kuti apititse patsogolo chikhalidwe cha anthu, koma osaganizira kwambiri za ufulu wachibadwidwe. ndi kutengapo mbali.
Komanso, luso lazopangapanga lingathandize kuwongolera chitetezo, koma nanga bwanji kukhulupirirana?Pambuyo pa ziwopsezo, zipolowe zandale, masoka achilengedwe, ziwonetsero zandale, kapena kusatsimikizika komwe kumabwera ndikusintha kwakukulu m'mizinda ingapo padziko lonse lapansi, palibe chiyembekezo choti chidaliro cha anthu chidzachepa kwambiri kusintha kwamizinda kwanzeru.
Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuzindikira umunthu wa mzinda uliwonse ndi dziko;ndikofunikira kuganizira nzika payokha;ndipo ndikofunikira kuti tiphunzire zomwe zikuchitika m'madera, mizinda ndi magulu a nzika komanso kulumikizana kwawo ndi chilengedwe chomwe chikukula komanso umisiri wolumikizana m'mizinda yanzeru.
2. Tanthauzo ndi masomphenya a mzinda wanzeru kuchokera kumayendedwe
Lingaliro, masomphenya, tanthawuzo ndi zenizeni za mzinda wanzeru zikuyenda nthawi zonse.
Munjira zambiri, ndi chinthu chabwino kuti tanthauzo la mzinda wanzeru silinakhazikitsidwe mwala.Mzinda, osasiya dera la tawuni, ndi zamoyo ndi zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo wake ndipo zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zambiri zosuntha, zamoyo, zogwirizanitsa, makamaka nzika, antchito, alendo, ophunzira, ndi zina zotero.
Tanthauzo lovomerezeka padziko lonse la "mzinda wanzeru" linganyalanyaze kusinthasintha kwakukulu, kusintha ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa mzinda.
Kuchepetsa mizinda yanzeru kukhala matekinoloje omwe amapeza zotsatira pogwiritsa ntchito zida zolumikizidwa, makina, maukonde azidziwitso, ndipo pamapeto pake kuzindikira kuchokera kunzeru zolumikizidwa ndi data ndi njira imodzi yofotokozera mzinda wanzeru.Koma imanyalanyaza zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'mizinda ndi mayiko, imanyalanyaza miyambo, ndipo imayika luso lamakono patsogolo ndi cholinga cha zolinga zosiyanasiyana.
Koma ngakhale timadzitsekera tokha ku luso laukadaulo, ndikosavuta kuyiwala kuti ukadaulo ukuyenda mosalekeza komanso ukufulumizitsa, ndi mwayi watsopano womwe ukubwera, monga momwe zovuta zatsopano zikuwonekera pamlingo wamizinda ndi madera monga gulu lankhondo. chonse.Sizinthu zamakono zomwe zikubwera, komanso malingaliro ndi malingaliro omwe anthu ali nawo pa matekinolojewa, monga momwe alili pamlingo wa mizinda, midzi ndi mayiko onse.
Chifukwa matekinoloje ena ndi othandizira njira zabwinoko zoyendetsera mizinda, kutumikira nzika ndikukonzekera zovuta zamakono komanso zamtsogolo.Kwa ena, momwe nzika zimagwirira ntchito komanso momwe mizinda imayendera imakhala yofunika kwambiri paukadaulo.
Chifukwa chake ngakhale titamamatira ku tanthauzo loyambira la mzinda wanzeru mumizu yake yaukadaulo, palibe chifukwa chomwe izi sizingasinthe, ndipo zidzasintha bwino momwe malingaliro pa ntchito ndi malo aukadaulo akupitilizabe kusintha.
Komanso, mizinda ndi madera, ndi masomphenya a mizinda, osati amasiyana dera ndi dera, malo ndi malo, ndipo ngakhale pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana a anthu mkati mwa mzinda, komanso kusinthika kwa nthawi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-08-2023