[Kuti B kapena ayi Kwa B, ili ndi funso. -- Shakespeare]
Mu 1991, Pulofesa wa MIT Kevin Ashton adapereka lingaliro loyamba la Internet of Things.
Mu 1994, nyumba yaikulu yanzeru ya Bill Gates inamalizidwa, ndipo inayambitsa zida zowunikira zanzeru ndi njira yowongolera kutentha kwanzeru kwa nthawi yoyamba. Zipangizo ndi machitidwe anzeru ayamba kuwonekera kwa anthu wamba.
Mu 1999, MIT idakhazikitsa "Automatic Identification Center", yomwe idapereka lingaliro lakuti "chirichonse chikhoza kulumikizidwa kudzera mu netiweki", ndikulongosola tanthauzo loyambira la intaneti ya zinthu.
Mu Ogasiti 2009, Prime Minister Wen Jiabao adapereka "Sensing China", yomwe idalembedwa mwalamulo ngati imodzi mwa mafakitale asanu atsopano mdzikolo, yolembedwa mu "Lipoti la Ntchito la Boma", ndipo yakopa chidwi chachikulu kuchokera kwa anthu onse ku China.
Pambuyo pake, msika sulinso wokha pa makadi anzeru ndi mita yamadzi, koma m'magawo osiyanasiyana, zinthu za iot kuyambira kumbuyo mpaka kutsogolo, mpaka anthu akuwona.
Pazaka 30 za chitukuko cha intaneti ya Zinthu, msika wakumana ndi kusintha kwakukulu ndi zatsopano. Wolembayo adafufuza mbiri ya chitukuko cha To C ndi To B, ndipo anayesa kuyang'ana zakale kuchokera pamalingaliro a pano, kuti aganizire za tsogolo la intaneti ya zinthu, kodi idzapita kuti?
Kwa C: Zinthu zatsopano zimakopa chidwi cha anthu onse
Kale kwambiri, zinthu zapakhomo zanzeru, zoyendetsedwa ndi mfundo, zinkakula ngati bowa. Zinthu zimenezi monga ma speaker anzeru, zibangili zanzeru ndi maloboti akangotuluka, zimakhala zotchuka.
· Wokamba nkhani wanzeru amasokoneza lingaliro la wokamba nkhani wachikhalidwe wa kunyumba, womwe ungalumikizidwe ndi netiweki yopanda zingwe, kuphatikiza ntchito monga kulamulira mipando ndi kulamulira zipinda zambiri, ndikupatsa ogwiritsa ntchito zosangalatsa zatsopano. Wokamba nkhani wanzeru amaonedwa ngati mlatho wolumikizirana ndi zinthu zanzeru, ndipo akuyembekezeka kuyamikiridwa kwambiri ndi makampani akuluakulu angapo aukadaulo monga Baidu, Tmall ndi Amazon.
· Chibangili chanzeru cha Xiaomi kumbuyo kwa wopanga, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi kupanga gulu laukadaulo la Huami, kupangidwa kwa gulu la Xiaomi kumagulitsa mayunitsi 1 miliyoni, zotsatira zake zosakwana chaka chimodzi pamsika, dziko lonse lagulitsa mayunitsi oposa 10 miliyoni; Gulu lachiwiri la m'badwo linatumiza mayunitsi 32 miliyoni, zomwe zinakhazikitsa mbiri ya zida zanzeru zaku China.
· Loboti yotsuka pansi: wokhutira ndi malingaliro a anthu mokwanira, khalani pa sofa kuti mumalize ntchito zapakhomo. Pachifukwa ichi, dzina latsopano "chuma chaulesi", limatha kusunga nthawi ya ntchito zapakhomo kwa wogwiritsa ntchito, likangotuluka limakondedwa ndi okonda zinthu anzeru ambiri.
Chifukwa chomwe zinthu za To C zimakhalira zosavuta kuphulika m'zaka zoyambirira ndichakuti zinthu zanzeru zokha zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali ndi mipando yakale yazaka zambiri, akawona robot yodzaza, mawotchi anzeru, ma speaker anzeru ndi zinthu zina, adzakhala pansi pa chidwi chogula zinthu zamakonozi, nthawi yomweyo ndi kubuka kwa nsanja zosiyanasiyana zapaintaneti (WeChat circle of friends, weibo, QQ space, zhihu, ndi zina zotero) zidzakhala makhalidwe a amplifier, zinthu zanzeru ndikufalikira mwachangu. Anthu akuyembekeza kusintha moyo wabwino ndi zinthu zanzeru. Opanga sanangowonjezera malonda awo, komanso anthu ambiri ayamba kulabadira intaneti ya zinthu.
Mu nyumba yanzeru m'masomphenya a anthu, intaneti ikukulanso kwambiri, njira yake yopangira zinthu inapanga chida chotchedwa chithunzi cha ogwiritsa ntchito, chomwe chinakhala mphamvu yoyendetsera kuphulika kwina kwa nyumba yanzeru. Kudzera mu ulamuliro wolondola wa ogwiritsa ntchito, kuchotsa mavuto awo, kubwerezabwereza kwa nyumba yanzeru kuchokera ku ntchito zambiri, gulu latsopano la zinthu limatulukanso kosatha, msika ukuyenda bwino, kupatsa anthu maloto okongola.
Komabe, pamsika wotentha, anthu ena amaonanso zizindikiro. Kawirikawiri, ogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zanzeru, kufunikira kwawo kumakhala kosavuta komanso mtengo wovomerezeka. Pamene kuphwekako kuthetsedwa, opanga adzayamba kuchepetsa mtengo wazinthuzo, kuti anthu ambiri athe kuvomereza mtengo wazinthu zanzeru, kuti apeze msika wochulukirapo. Pamene mitengo yazinthu ikutsika, kukula kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kumafika pamlingo wokwera. Pali ogwiritsa ntchito ochepa okha omwe ali okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zanzeru, ndipo anthu ambiri amakhala ndi malingaliro osamala pazinthu zanzeru. Sadzakhala ogwiritsa ntchito zinthu za pa intaneti posachedwa. Zotsatira zake, kukula kwa msika pang'onopang'ono kumatsekeka.
Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zooneka bwino za kugulitsa nyumba zanzeru ndi maloko anzeru a zitseko. M'zaka zoyambirira, loko ya zitseko idapangidwira B end. Panthawiyo, mtengo wake unali wokwera ndipo unkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mahotela apamwamba. Pambuyo pake, pambuyo poti nyumba zanzeru zatchuka, msika wa C-terminal unayamba kupangidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi kuwonjezeka kwa katundu wotumizidwa, ndipo mtengo wa msika wa C-terminal unatsika kwambiri. Zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti ngakhale msika wa C-terminal ndi wotentha, katundu waukulu kwambiri ndi maloko anzeru a zitseko otsika mtengo, ndipo ogula, makamaka oyang'anira mahotela otsika mtengo ndi malo ogona anthu wamba, cholinga chogwiritsa ntchito maloko anzeru a zitseko ndikuthandizira kasamalidwe. Zotsatira zake, opanga "abwerera m'mbuyo pa mawu awo", ndipo akupitilizabe kulowerera kwambiri mu hotelo, malo ogona ndi zochitika zina. Kugulitsa loko yanzeru ya zitseko kwa woyendetsa malo ogona a hotelo, kumatha kugulitsa zinthu zambiri nthawi imodzi, ngakhale phindu lachepa, koma kuchepetsa ndalama zambiri zogulitsa.
Kwa B: IoT ikutsegula theka lachiwiri la mpikisano
Pamene mliriwu wayamba, dziko lapansi likusintha kwambiri zomwe sizinachitikepo m'zaka zana zapitazi. Pamene ogula akulimbitsa ndalama zawo ndipo sakufuna kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri pa chuma chosakhazikika, makampani akuluakulu a intaneti akugwiritsa ntchito B-terminal pofunafuna ndalama zambiri.
Ngakhale makasitomala a B-end akufunafuna kwambiri ndipo akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama kuti achepetse ndalama ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito a kampani. Komabe, makasitomala a B-terminal nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo mabizinesi ndi mafakitale osiyanasiyana ali ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za luntha, kotero mavuto enaake amafunika kufufuzidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, nthawi ya uinjiniya wa pulojekiti ya B-end nthawi zambiri imakhala yayitali, ndipo tsatanetsatane wake ndi wovuta kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo kumakhala kovuta, mtengo wotumizira ndi kukweza ndi wokwera, ndipo nthawi yobwezeretsa pulojekiti ndi yayitali. Palinso mavuto achitetezo cha deta ndi nkhani zachinsinsi zomwe muyenera kuthana nazo, ndipo kupeza pulojekiti ya B-side sikophweka.
Komabe, mbali ya B ya bizinesiyo ndi yopindulitsa kwambiri, ndipo kampani yaying'ono yothandiza anthu kupeza mayankho a iot yokhala ndi makasitomala ochepa abwino a mbali ya B ikhoza kupeza phindu lokhazikika ndikupulumuka mliriwu ndi mavuto azachuma. Nthawi yomweyo, pamene intaneti ikukula, anthu ambiri aluso mumakampaniwa amayang'ana kwambiri zinthu za SaaS, zomwe zimapangitsa anthu kuyamba kuyang'ana kwambiri mbali ya B. Chifukwa SaaS imapangitsa kuti mbali ya B ibwerezedwenso, imaperekanso phindu lowonjezera nthawi zonse (kupitiriza kupeza ndalama kuchokera ku ntchito zina).
Ponena za msika, kukula kwa msika wa SaaS kunafika pa 27.8 biliyoni ya yuan mu 2020, kuwonjezeka kwa 43% poyerekeza ndi 2019, ndipo kukula kwa msika wa PaaS kunapitirira 10 biliyoni ya yuan, kuwonjezeka kwa 145% poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha. Database, middleware ndi micro-services zinakula mofulumira. Kuthamanga kotereku, kumakopa chidwi cha anthu.
Kwa ToB (Industrial Internet of Things), ogwiritsa ntchito akuluakulu ndi mabizinesi ambiri, ndipo zofunikira zazikulu za AIoT ndi kudalirika kwambiri, magwiridwe antchito komanso chitetezo. Zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito zikuphatikizapo kupanga mwanzeru, chithandizo chamankhwala chanzeru, kuyang'anira mwanzeru, kusungiramo zinthu mwanzeru, mayendedwe anzeru ndi malo oimika magalimoto, komanso kuyendetsa galimoto yokha. Magawo awa ali ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, palibe muyezo womwe ungathetsedwe, ndipo amafunika kukhala ndi chidziwitso, kumvetsetsa makampani, kumvetsetsa mapulogalamu ndikumvetsetsa kugwiritsa ntchito kutenga nawo mbali kwa akatswiri, kuti akwaniritse kusintha koyambirira kwaukadaulo wamafakitale. Chifukwa chake, zimakhala zovuta kukulitsa. Kawirikawiri, zinthu za iot ndizoyenera kwambiri m'magawo omwe ali ndi zofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo (monga kupanga migodi ya malasha), kulondola kwambiri kwa kupanga (monga kupanga kwapamwamba kwambiri ndi chithandizo chamankhwala), komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimayikidwa (monga zida, mankhwala atsiku ndi tsiku ndi miyezo ina). M'zaka zaposachedwa, B-terminal yayamba kuyikidwa pang'onopang'ono m'magawo awa.
Kupita ku C→Kupita ku B: Nchifukwa chiyani pali kusintha kotereku?
N’chifukwa chiyani pali kusintha kuchokera ku C-terminal kupita ku B-terminal Internet of Things? Wolembayo akufotokoza mwachidule zifukwa izi:
1. Kukula kwa zinthu kwadzaza ndipo palibe ogwiritsa ntchito okwanira. Opanga zinthu za Iot akufunitsitsa kufunafuna njira yachiwiri yokulira.
Patatha zaka khumi ndi zinayi, intaneti ya Zinthu imadziwika ndi anthu, ndipo makampani ambiri akuluakulu atuluka ku China. Pali Xiaomi wachinyamata, palinso kusintha pang'onopang'ono kwa mtsogoleri wa mipando yachikhalidwe Halemy, palinso chitukuko cha makamera ochokera ku Haikang Dahua, palinso gawo la module lomwe limakhala loyamba kutumiza ku Yuanyucom padziko lonse lapansi… Kwa mafakitale akuluakulu ndi ang'onoang'ono, chitukuko cha intaneti ya Zinthu chikuchepa chifukwa cha ogwiritsa ntchito ochepa.
Koma ngati mukusambira motsutsana ndi magetsi, mudzabwerera m'mbuyo. Izi ndi zoona kwa makampani omwe amafunika kukula kosalekeza kuti apulumuke m'misika yovuta. Chifukwa chake, opanga adayamba kukulitsa njira yachiwiri. Millet imapanga galimoto, popeza idakakamizidwa kuti ikhale yopanda thandizo; Haikang Dahua, mu lipoti la pachaka adzasintha bizinesiyo mwakachetechete kukhala mabizinesi anzeru; Huawei ali ndi malire ndi United States ndipo atembenukira ku msika wa B-end. Gulu lokhazikika la asilikali ndi Huawei Cloud ndi malo olowera kuti alowe mumsika wa Internet of Things ndi 5G. Pamene makampani akuluakulu akukhamukira ku B, ayenera kupeza malo okulira.
2. Poyerekeza ndi C terminal, mtengo wa maphunziro a B terminal ndi wotsika.
Wogwiritsa ntchito ndi munthu wovuta, kudzera mu chithunzi cha wogwiritsa ntchito, amatha kufotokoza mbali ya khalidwe lake, koma palibe lamulo lophunzitsa wogwiritsa ntchitoyo. Chifukwa chake, sizingatheke kuphunzitsa ogwiritsa ntchito, ndipo mtengo wa maphunzirowo ndi wovuta kuuwerengera.
Komabe, kwa makampani, opanga zisankho ndi omwe ali mabwana a kampaniyo, ndipo mabwana ambiri ndi anthu. Akamva nzeru, maso awo amawala. Amangofunika kuwerengera ndalama ndi maubwino, ndipo amayamba kufunafuna njira zanzeru zosinthira. Makamaka m'zaka ziwirizi, chilengedwe sichili bwino, sichingathe kutsegulidwa, chimangochepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndipo ndicho chimene Intaneti ya Zinthu ili bwino.
Malinga ndi deta ina yomwe wolembayo wasonkhanitsa, kumanga fakitale yanzeru kungachepetse ndalama zogwirira ntchito pa malo ogwirira ntchito achikhalidwe ndi 90%, komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo chopanga, kuchepetsa kusatsimikizika komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha zolakwa za anthu. Chifukwa chake, bwana yemwe ali ndi ndalama zina m'manja mwake, wayamba kuyesa kusintha kwanzeru kotsika mtengo pang'onopang'ono, akuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yodziyimira yokha komanso yopangira pang'onopang'ono, pang'onopang'ono. Lero, tidzagwiritsa ntchito ma tag amagetsi ndi RFID pamlingo ndi katundu. Mawa, tidzagula magalimoto angapo a AGV kuti tithetse vuto logwirira ntchito. Pamene automation ikuwonjezeka, msika wa B-end ukutsegulidwa.
3. Kukula kwa mtambo kumabweretsa mwayi watsopano pa intaneti ya zinthu.
Ali Cloud, yoyamba kulowa mumsika wa cloud, tsopano yapereka deta ya cloud kwa mabizinesi ambiri. Kuwonjezera pa seva yayikulu ya cloud, Ali cloud yapanga upstream ndi downstream. Chizindikiro cha dzina la domain, kusanthula deta, chitetezo cha cloud ndi luntha lochita kupanga, komanso njira yosinthira yanzeru, ingapezeke pa mayankho a Ali Cloud okhwima. Tikhoza kunena kuti zaka zoyambirira za kulima, pang'onopang'ono zayamba kukolola, ndipo phindu la pachaka lomwe lafotokozedwa mu lipoti lake lazachuma ndi labwino, ndiye mphotho yabwino kwambiri pa kulima kwake.
Chinthu chachikulu chomwe Tencent Cloud imapanga ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Imakhala ndi makasitomala ambiri a B-terminal kudzera m'mapulogalamu ang'onoang'ono, wechat pay, enterprise wechat ndi zachilengedwe zina zakunja. Kutengera izi, nthawi zonse imakula ndikulimbitsa malo ake olamulira m'munda wa chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Huawei Cloud, monga munthu wochedwa, ikhoza kukhala sitepe kumbuyo kwa makampani ena akuluakulu. Pamene idalowa mumsika, makampani akuluakulu anali atadzaza kale, kotero Huawei Cloud kumayambiriro kwa gawo la msika, ndi yomvetsa chisoni. Komabe, zitha kuzindikirika kuchokera ku chitukuko cha zaka zaposachedwa, Huawei cloud ikadali m'munda wopanga kuti imenye gawo la msika. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti Huawei ndi kampani yopanga ndipo imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zovuta zomwe zili mumakampani opanga mafakitale, zomwe zimathandiza Huawei Cloud kuthetsa mavuto amakampani mwachangu komanso zovuta. Ndi luso ili lomwe limapangitsa Huawei Cloud kukhala imodzi mwa mitambo isanu yapamwamba padziko lonse lapansi.
Ndi kukula kwa cloud computing, makampani akuluakuluwa azindikira kufunika kwa deta. Mtambo, monga wonyamula deta, wakhala chinthu chomwe chimakambidwa kwambiri ndi mafakitale akuluakulu.
Kwa B: Kodi msika ukupita kuti?
Kodi pali tsogolo la B end? Limenelo lingakhale funso lomwe lili m'maganizo mwa owerenga ambiri omwe akuwerenga izi. Pachifukwa ichi, malinga ndi kafukufuku ndi kuyerekezera kwa mabungwe osiyanasiyana, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili pa intaneti ya B-terminal kukadali kochepa kwambiri, pafupifupi 10%-30%, ndipo chitukuko cha msika chikadali ndi malo ambiri olowera.
Ndili ndi malangizo angapo olowera mumsika wa B-end. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kusankha gawo loyenera. Mabizinesi ayenera kuganizira za kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe bizinesi yawo ili, kukonza bizinesi yawo yayikulu nthawi zonse, kupereka mayankho ang'onoang'ono koma okongola, ndikuthetsa zosowa za makasitomala ena. Kudzera mu mapulogalamu ambiri, bizinesiyo imatha kukhala ngalande yabwino kwambiri ikakhwima. Kachiwiri, kwa bizinesi ya B-end, luso ndilofunika kwambiri. Anthu omwe angathe kuthetsa mavuto ndikupereka zotsatira adzabweretsa mwayi wambiri ku kampaniyo. Pomaliza, bizinesi yambiri kumbali ya B si chinthu chongochitika kamodzi kokha. Ntchito ndi kukweza zitha kuperekedwa polojekitiyo ikatha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali phindu lokhazikika lomwe liyenera kufufuzidwa.
Mapeto
Msika wa intaneti ya Zinthu wakhala ukukula kwa zaka 30. M'zaka zoyambirira, intaneti ya Zinthu inkagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha kumapeto kwa B. NB-IOT, makina oyezera madzi a LoRa ndi khadi lanzeru la RFID zinapereka mwayi wambiri pantchito yomanga nyumba monga kupereka madzi. Komabe, mphepo ya zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito mwanzeru ikuwomba mwamphamvu kwambiri, kotero kuti intaneti ya Zinthu yakopa chidwi cha anthu ndikukhala katundu wofunidwa ndi anthu kwa nthawi ndithu. Tsopano, tuyere yapita, C kumapeto kwa msika kunayamba kusonyeza chizolowezi cha kusakhala bwino, mabizinesi akuluakulu aulosi ayamba kusintha, kupita kumapeto kwa B kutsogolo kachiwiri, akuyembekeza kupeza phindu lina.
M'miyezi yaposachedwa, bungwe la AIoT Star Map Research Institute lachita kafukufuku wozama komanso wozama pamakampani opanga zinthu zanzeru, komanso lapereka lingaliro la "moyo wanzeru".
N’chifukwa chiyani malo okhala anthu anzeru, osati malo okhala anthu anzeru achikhalidwe? Pambuyo pa kuyankhulana ndi kufufuza kwakukulu, akatswiri ofufuza mapu a nyenyezi a AIoT adapeza kuti pambuyo poyika zinthu zanzeru, malire pakati pa C-terminal ndi B-terminal adasokonekera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zinthu zambiri zanzeru zomwe ogula adagula zidaphatikizidwa ndikugulitsidwa ku B-terminal, ndikupanga dongosolo loyang'ana zochitika. Kenako, ndi malo okhala anthu anzeru, chochitikachi chidzafotokoza msika wamakono wanyumba wanzeru, wolondola kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-11-2022