Intaneti ya Zinthu, kodi To C imatha mpaka B?

[Kuti B kapena ayi Kwa B, ili ndi funso.-- Shakespeare]

Mu 1991, Pulofesa wa MIT Kevin Ashton adapereka lingaliro la intaneti ya Zinthu.

Mu 1994, nyumba yanzeru ya Bill Gates idamalizidwa, ndikuyambitsa zida zanzeru zowunikira komanso njira yowongolera kutentha kwanthawi yoyamba.Zida zanzeru ndi machitidwe amayamba kulowa pamaso pa anthu wamba.

Mu 1999, MIT idakhazikitsa "Automatic Identification Center", yomwe idati "zonse zitha kulumikizidwa kudzera pa netiweki", ndikumveketsa tanthauzo la intaneti ya zinthu.

Mu Ogasiti 2009, Prime Minister Wen Jiabao adalengeza za "Sensing China", iot idasankhidwa kukhala imodzi mwamafakitale asanu omwe akutukuka mdzikolo, olembedwa mu "Lipoti la Ntchito ya Boma", iot yakopa chidwi cha anthu onse ku China.

Pambuyo pake, msika sukhalanso ndi makhadi anzeru ndi mita yamadzi, koma kumadera osiyanasiyana, zinthu za iot kuyambira kumbuyo kupita kutsogolo, pamaso pa anthu.

Pazaka 30 zakukula kwa intaneti ya Zinthu, msika wakumana ndi zosintha zambiri komanso zatsopano.Wolembayo adaphatikiza mbiri yakale yachitukuko cha To C ndi B, ndikuyesa kuyang'ana zakale kuchokera pamalingaliro apano, kuti aganizire za tsogolo la intaneti ya zinthu, zipita kuti?

Kwa C: Zatsopano zimakopa chidwi cha anthu

M'zaka zoyambirira, zinthu zanzeru zakunyumba, motsogozedwa ndi ndondomeko, zidakhala ngati bowa.Zogulitsa zogula izi, monga olankhula anzeru, zibangili zanzeru ndi ma robot akusesa, zimatuluka, zimatchuka.

· Wokamba nkhani wanzeru amasokoneza malingaliro a olankhula kunyumba, omwe amatha kulumikizidwa ndi netiweki opanda zingwe, kuphatikiza ntchito monga kuwongolera mipando ndi zipinda zambiri, ndikupangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito chisangalalo chatsopano. zopangidwa mwanzeru, ndipo zikuyembekezeredwa kukhala zamtengo wapatali ndi makampani akuluakulu angapo aukadaulo monga Baidu, Tmall ndi Amazon.

· Xiaomi anzeru chibangili kumbuyo mlengi, R&D ndi kupanga Huami luso timu chiyembekezo kuyerekeza, Xiaomi gulu m'badwo kwambiri kugulitsa mayunitsi 1 miliyoni, zotsatira zosakwana chaka pa msika, dziko anagulitsa mayunitsi oposa 10 miliyoni;Gulu lachiwiri lidatumiza mayunitsi 32 miliyoni, ndikuyika mbiri ya zida zanzeru zaku China.

· Loboti yopukutira pansi: kukhutitsidwa ndi zongopeka za anthu mokwanira, khalani pa sofa kuti mumalize ntchito zapakhomo.Pakuti ichinso analenga mtundu dzina latsopano "waulesi chuma", akhoza kupulumutsa nthawi ntchito zapakhomo kwa wosuta izo, atangotuluka amakondedwa ndi ambiri okonda mankhwala okonda.

Chifukwa chomwe zinthu za To C ndizosavuta kuphulika zaka zoyambirira ndikuti zinthu zanzeru zomwe zimakhala ndi hotspot effect.Ogwiritsa ntchito zaka makumi angapo a mipando yakale, akawona maloboti akusesa, mawotchi anzeru, olankhula anzeru ndi zinthu zina, adzakhala pansi pa chidwi chogula zinthu zamakonozi, nthawi yomweyo ndikutuluka kwamapulatifomu osiyanasiyana (WeChat bwalo la abwenzi). , weibo, QQ space, zhihu, etc.) adzakhala makhalidwe a amplifier, mankhwala anzeru ndi kufalikira mofulumira.Anthu akuyembekeza kusintha moyo wawo ndi zinthu zanzeru.Sikuti opanga adangowonjezera malonda awo, komanso anthu ochulukirapo ayamba kuyang'ana pa intaneti ya zinthu.

M'nyumba yanzeru m'masomphenya a anthu, intaneti ikukulanso kwambiri, chitukuko chake chimapanga chida chotchedwa chithunzi cha ogwiritsa ntchito, kukhala mphamvu yoyendetsera kuphulika kwina kwa nyumba yanzeru.Kupyolera mu kuwongolera kolondola kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, yeretsani zowawa zawo, kubwereza kwanyumba kwanzeru kwakale kuchotsedwa ntchito zambiri, gulu latsopano lazinthu limatulukanso kosatha, msika ukuyenda bwino, kupatsa anthu malingaliro abwino.

Komabe, pamsika wotentha, anthu ena amawonanso zizindikiro.Nthawi zambiri, ogwiritsa ntchito anzeru, kufunikira kwawo ndikosavuta komanso mtengo wovomerezeka.Pamene kumasukako kuthetsedwa, opanga adzayamba kuchepetsa mtengo wamtengo wapatali, kuti anthu ambiri avomereze mtengo wa zinthu zanzeru, kuti apeze msika wambiri.Pamene mitengo yazinthu ikutsika, kukula kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kumafika pamphepete.Pali owerengeka ochepa chabe a ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zanzeru, ndipo anthu ambiri amakhala ndi malingaliro osamala pazinthu zanzeru.Sadzakhala ogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapaintaneti pakanthawi kochepa.Zotsatira zake, kukula kwa msika kumakakamira pang'onopang'ono.

Chimodzi mwazizindikiro zowoneka bwino za kugulitsa nyumba mwanzeru ndi loko zotsekera zitseko.M'zaka zoyambirira, loko yotsekera khomo idapangidwira B end.Panthawiyo, mtengowo unali wokwera kwambiri ndipo unkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mahotela apamwamba.Pambuyo pake, pambuyo pa kutchuka kwa nyumba yanzeru, msika wa C-terminal unayamba kupangidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi kuwonjezeka kwa katundu, ndipo mtengo wa msika wa C-terminal unatsika kwambiri.Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti ngakhale msika wa C-terminal ndi wotentha, katundu wamkulu kwambiri ndi maloko otsika anzeru, ndipo ogula, makamaka mahotela otsika komanso oyang'anira malo ogona anthu wamba, cholinga chogwiritsa ntchito maloko anzeru ndi kuthandizira kasamalidwe.Zotsatira zake, opanga "abwerera ku mawu awo", ndikupitiriza kulima mozama mu hotelo, nyumba zogona ndi zochitika zina zogwiritsira ntchito.Gulitsani loko loko wanzeru kwa oyendetsa nyumba za hotelo, amatha kugulitsa zinthu masauzande nthawi imodzi, ngakhale phindu lachepa, koma muchepetse ndalama zambiri zogulitsa.

Kwa B: IoT imatsegula theka lachiwiri la mpikisano

Kubwera kwa mliriwu, dziko likukumana ndi kusintha kwakukulu komwe sikunawoneke m'zaka zana limodzi.Pamene ogula akumangitsa zikwama zawo ndikukhala osafunitsitsa kugwiritsa ntchito chuma chokhazikika, zimphona za intaneti za Zinthu zikutembenukira ku B-terminal kufunafuna kukula kwa ndalama.

Ngakhale, makasitomala a B-end akufunika ndipo ali okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama kuti achepetse ndalama ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito.Komabe, makasitomala a B-terminal nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zofunikira zogawikana, ndipo mabizinesi ndi mafakitale osiyanasiyana amakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zanzeru, chifukwa chake zovuta zina ziyenera kufufuzidwa.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka ntchito ya B-end nthawi zambiri imakhala yaitali, ndipo zambiri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito luso kumakhala kovuta, mtengo wotumizira ndi kukweza ndi wokwera, ndipo ndondomeko yobwezeretsa pulojekiti ndi yaitali.Palinso nkhani zachitetezo cha data komanso zachinsinsi zomwe muyenera kuthana nazo, komanso kupeza projekiti ya B-side sikophweka.

Komabe, mbali ya B yabizinesiyo ndiyopindulitsa kwambiri, ndipo kampani yaying'ono yothetsera iot yokhala ndi makasitomala abwino ochepa a B imatha kupanga phindu lokhazikika ndikupulumuka mliri komanso kusokonekera kwachuma.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pamene intaneti ikukula, talente yambiri m'makampaniyi imayang'ana pa zinthu za SaaS, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu ayambe kumvetsera kwambiri mbali ya B.Chifukwa SaaS imapangitsa kuti mbali ya B ibwerezedwe, imaperekanso phindu lowonjezereka (kupitiriza kupanga ndalama kuchokera kuzinthu zotsatila).

Pankhani ya msika, kukula kwa msika wa SaaS kudafika 27.8 biliyoni mu 2020, kuwonjezeka kwa 43% poyerekeza ndi 2019, ndipo kukula kwa msika wa PaaS kudaposa 10 biliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa 145% poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha.Ma database, ma mediumware ndi ma micro-services adakula mwachangu.Kuthamanga kotereku kumakopa chidwi cha anthu.

Kwa ToB (Industrial Internet of Things), ogwiritsa ntchito akuluakulu ndi magawo ambiri abizinesi, ndipo zofunika zazikulu za AIoT ndizodalirika, zogwira mtima komanso chitetezo.Zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito zimaphatikizapo kupanga mwanzeru, chithandizo chamankhwala chanzeru, kuyang'anira mwanzeru, kusungirako mwanzeru, mayendedwe anzeru ndi kuyimika magalimoto, komanso kuyendetsa galimoto.Minda imeneyi ili ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, osati muyezo womwe ungathetsedwe, ndipo uyenera kukhala wodziwa zambiri, kumvetsetsa makampani, kumvetsetsa mapulogalamu ndi kumvetsetsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito kakuchita nawo ntchito, kuti mukwaniritse kusintha kwanzeru kwa mafakitale.Chifukwa chake, ndizovuta kukulitsa.Nthawi zambiri, zinthu za iot ndizoyenera minda yomwe ili ndi chitetezo chokwanira (monga kupanga migodi ya malasha), kupanga kulondola kwambiri (monga kupanga kwapamwamba kwambiri komanso chithandizo chamankhwala), komanso kukhazikika kwazinthu zambiri (monga magawo, tsiku lililonse. mankhwala ndi miyezo ina).M'zaka zaposachedwa, B-terminal yayamba kukhazikitsidwa m'magawo awa.

Kufikira C→Kupita B: Chifukwa chiyani pali kusintha kotere

Chifukwa chiyani pali kusintha kuchokera ku C-terminal kupita ku B-terminal Internet of Things?Wolembayo akufotokoza mwachidule zifukwa zotsatirazi:

1. Kukula kumadzaza ndipo palibe ogwiritsa ntchito okwanira.Opanga Iot akufunitsitsa kufunafuna njira yachiwiri ya kukula.

Zaka khumi ndi zinayi pambuyo pake, intaneti ya Zinthu imadziwika ndi anthu, ndipo makampani akuluakulu ambiri adatulukira ku China.Pali Xiaomi yachinyamata, palinso kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mtsogoleri wa mipando yachikhalidwe Halemy, pali chitukuko cha kamera kuchokera ku Haikang Dahua, palinso gawo la gawoli kuti likhale loyamba kutumiza Yuanyucom ... Kwa mafakitale akuluakulu ndi ang'onoang'ono, Kukula kwa intaneti ya Zinthu kukulepheretsani chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.

Koma ngati musambira molimbana ndi mafunde, mubwerera m’mbuyo.N'chimodzimodzinso ndi makampani omwe amafunikira kukula kosalekeza kuti apulumuke m'misika yovuta.Chotsatira chake, opanga anayamba kukulitsa njira yachiwiri.Mapira kumanga galimoto, popeza anati anakakamizika wopanda chochita;Haikang Dahua, mu lipoti la pachaka adzasintha mwakachetechete bizinesi kuti wanzeru zinthu mabizinezi;Huawei amaletsedwa ndi United States ndipo amatembenukira kumsika wa B-end.Gulu lokhazikitsidwa ndi Huawei Cloud ndiye malo olowera kuti alowe mumsika wa intaneti wa Zinthu ndi 5G.Pamene makampani akuluakulu akukhamukira ku B, ayenera kupeza malo oti akule.

2. Poyerekeza ndi C terminal, mtengo wamaphunziro wa B terminal ndi wotsika.

Wogwiritsa ntchito ndi munthu wovuta, kudzera mu chithunzi cha wogwiritsa ntchito, akhoza kufotokozera mbali ya khalidwe lake, koma palibe lamulo lophunzitsa wogwiritsa ntchito.Choncho, n'zosatheka kuphunzitsa ogwiritsa ntchito, ndipo mtengo wa maphunziro ndizovuta kuwerengera.

Komabe, kwa mabizinesi, omwe amapanga zisankho ndi mabwana akampani, ndipo mabwana ambiri amakhala anthu.Akamva nzeru, maso awo amaturuka.Amangofunika kuwerengera mtengo ndi zopindulitsa, ndipo amangoyamba kuyang'ana njira zosinthira mwanzeru.Makamaka m'zaka ziwirizi, chilengedwe sichabwino, sichingatsegule gwero, chimangochepetsa ndalama.Ndipo ndicho chimene Intaneti ya Zinthu ndi yabwino.

Malinga ndi zina zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa ndi wolemba, kumanga fakitale yanzeru kumatha kuchepetsa mtengo wantchito wa msonkhano wachikhalidwe ndi 90%, komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo chopanga, kuchepetsa kusatsimikizika komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha zolakwika za anthu.Choncho, bwana yemwe ali ndi ndalama zopuma m'manja, wayamba kuyesa otsika mtengo wanzeru kusintha pang'ono ndi pang'ono, kuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito theka-zodziwikiratu ndi theka-yopanga njira, pang'onopang'ono iterate.Lero, tigwiritsa ntchito ma tag apakompyuta ndi RFID pazotengera ndi katundu.Mawa, tidzagula magalimoto angapo a AGV kuti athetse vuto.Pamene automation ikuwonjezeka, msika wa B-end umatsegulidwa.

3. Kukula kwa mtambo kumabweretsa mwayi watsopano pa intaneti ya Zinthu.

Ali Cloud, woyamba kulowa mumsika wamtambo, tsopano wapereka mtambo wa data kwa mabizinesi ambiri.Kuphatikiza pa seva yayikulu yamtambo, Ali mtambo wapanga kumtunda ndi kumtunda.Chizindikiro cha dzina la domain, kusanthula kusungirako deta, chitetezo chamtambo ndi luntha lochita kupanga, komanso ngakhale njira yosinthira mwanzeru, imapezeka pa Ali Cloud okhwima.Zinganenedwe kuti zaka zoyambirira za kulima, pang'onopang'ono zayamba kukolola, ndipo phindu la pachaka lomwe limawululidwa mu lipoti lake la zachuma ndi labwino, ndilo mphotho yabwino kwambiri ya kulima kwake.

Chogulitsa chachikulu cha Tencent Cloud ndichocheza.Imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zamakasitomala a B-terminal kudzera pamapulogalamu ang'onoang'ono, malipiro a wechat, bizinesi wechat ndi zachilengedwe zina zotumphukira.Kutengera izi, nthawi zonse imazama ndikuphatikiza malo ake akuluakulu m'malo ochezera.

Mtambo wa Huawei, ngati wochedwa, ukhoza kukhala sitepe kumbuyo kwa zimphona zina.Pamene idalowa pamsika, zimphonazo zinali zitadzaza kale, kotero Huawei Cloud kumayambiriro kwa gawo la msika, ndizomvetsa chisoni.Komabe, zitha kudziwika kuchokera ku chitukuko chazaka zaposachedwa, mtambo wa Huawei udakali m'munda wopanga kuti uthane ndi gawo la msika.Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti Huawei ndi kampani yopanga zinthu ndipo amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zovuta zamakampani opanga mafakitale, zomwe zimathandiza Huawei Cloud kuthetsa mwamsanga mavuto a bizinesi ndi zowawa.Ndi kuthekera kumeneku komwe kumapangitsa Huawei Cloud kukhala imodzi mwa mitambo isanu yapamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Ndi kukula kwa cloud computing, zimphona zawona kufunika kwa deta.Mtambo, monga wonyamulira deta, wakhala chinthu chotsutsana ndi mafakitale akuluakulu.

Kwa B: Kodi msika ukupita kuti?

Kodi pali tsogolo la B end?Ilo likhoza kukhala funso m'maganizo mwa owerenga ambiri akuwerenga izi.Pankhani imeneyi, malinga ndi kafukufuku ndi kuyerekezera mabungwe osiyanasiyana, mlingo malowedwe a B-terminal Internet zinthu akadali otsika kwambiri, pafupifupi mu osiyanasiyana 10% -30%, ndi chitukuko msika akadali lalikulu malowedwe danga.

Ndili ndi malangizo angapo olowera msika wa B-end.Choyamba, ndikofunikira kusankha gawo loyenera.Mabizinesi akuyenera kuganizira za kuchuluka kwa momwe bizinesi yawo ilili, kuwongolera bizinesi yawo yayikulu mosalekeza, kupereka mayankho ang'onoang'ono koma okongola, ndikuthetsa zosowa za makasitomala ena.Kupyolera mu kuchulukitsidwa kwa mapulogalamu, bizinesiyo imatha kukhala njira yabwino kwambiri ikakhwima.Kachiwiri, pabizinesi ya B-end, talente ndiyofunikira kwambiri.Anthu omwe angathe kuthetsa mavuto ndikupereka zotsatira adzabweretsa mwayi wochuluka ku kampani.Pomaliza, mabizinesi ambiri kumbali ya B siwongochita kamodzi.Ntchito ndi kukweza kungaperekedwe ntchitoyo ikamalizidwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali phindu lokhazikika lomwe liyenera kukumbidwa.

Mapeto

Msika wa intaneti wa Zinthu wakhala ukukulirakulira kwa zaka 30.M'zaka zoyambirira, intaneti ya Zinthu idangogwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa B.NB-IOT, mita yamadzi ya LoRa ndi khadi lanzeru la RFID zidapereka mwayi wambiri pantchito zomanga monga zoperekera madzi.Komabe, mphepo ya zinthu zogula mwanzeru imawomba mwamphamvu kwambiri, kotero kuti intaneti ya Zinthu yakopa chidwi cha anthu ndikukhala katundu wogula wofunidwa ndi anthu kwakanthawi.Tsopano, tuyere wapita, C mapeto a msika anayamba kusonyeza chizolowezi malaise, maulosi makampani akuluakulu ayamba kusintha uta, kuti B kutha patsogolo kachiwiri, kuyembekezera kupeza phindu lina.

M'miyezi yaposachedwa, AIoT Star Map Research Institute yachita kafukufuku mwatsatanetsatane komanso mozama komanso kusanthula pamakampani ogula zinthu mwanzeru, ndikuyikanso lingaliro la "moyo wanzeru".

Chifukwa chiyani malo okhala anthu anzeru, osati nyumba yanzeru yachikhalidwe?Pambuyo pofunsa mafunso ambiri komanso kufufuza, akatswiri ofufuza mapu a nyenyezi a AIoT adapeza kuti pambuyo poyika zinthu zanzeru, malire apakati pa C-terminal ndi B-terminal adasokonezedwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zinthu zambiri zogula zinthu zanzeru zidaphatikizidwa ndikugulitsidwa ku B-terminal. , kupanga chiwembu chokhazikika pazochitika.Ndiye, ndi kukhazikika kwa anthu mwanzeru chochitika ichi chidzatanthauzira msika wamakono wamakono wapakhomo, wolondola kwambiri.