Nkhani yomwe tikambirane lero ikukhudzana ndi nyumba zanzeru.
Ponena za nyumba zanzeru, palibe amene ayenera kuzidziwa bwino. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, pamene lingaliro la intaneti ya Zinthu linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito, lomwe linali gawo lofunika kwambiri logwiritsira ntchito, linali nyumba yanzeru.
Kwa zaka zambiri, chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wa digito, zipangizo zamakono zambiri zapakhomo zapangidwa. Zipangizozi zathandiza kwambiri pa moyo wabanja komanso zawonjezera chisangalalo chokhala ndi moyo.
Pakapita nthawi, mudzakhala ndi mapulogalamu ambiri pafoni yanu.
Inde, ili ndi vuto la zotchinga zachilengedwe lomwe lakhala likuvutitsa makampani opanga nyumba zanzeru kwa nthawi yayitali.
Ndipotu, chitukuko cha ukadaulo wa IoT nthawi zonse chimakhala chodziwika ndi kugawikana. Zochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito zimagwirizana ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana a ukadaulo wa IoT. Zina zimafuna bandwidth yayikulu, zina zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, zina zimangoyang'ana kwambiri kukhazikika, ndipo zina zimada nkhawa kwambiri ndi mtengo.
Izi zapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zosiyanasiyana zolumikizirana monga 2/3/4/5G, NB-IoT, eMTC, LoRa, SigFox, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Thread ndi zina zotero.
Nyumba yanzeru, nayonso, ndi njira yachizolowezi ya LAN, yokhala ndi ukadaulo wolumikizirana waufupi monga Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Thread, ndi zina zotero, m'magulu osiyanasiyana komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Kuphatikiza apo, popeza nyumba zanzeru zimayang'aniridwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe si akatswiri, opanga amakonda kupanga nsanja zawozawo ndi ma interface a UI ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendetsera mapulogalamu kuti atsimikizire zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akukumana nazo. Izi zapangitsa kuti pakhale "nkhondo yachilengedwe" yomwe ilipo pano.
Zopinga pakati pa zachilengedwe sizinangobweretsa mavuto osatha kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, komanso kwa ogulitsa ndi opanga mapulogalamu - kuyambitsa chinthu chomwecho kumafuna kupangidwa kwa zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimawonjezera kwambiri ntchito ndi ndalama.
Popeza vuto la zopinga zachilengedwe ndi vuto lalikulu pakukula kwa nyumba zanzeru kwa nthawi yayitali, makampaniwa ayamba kugwira ntchito yopeza yankho la vutoli.
Kubadwa kwa ndondomeko ya Matter
Mu Disembala 2019, Google ndi Apple adalowa nawo Zigbee Alliance, ndikulowa nawo Amazon ndi makampani opitilira 200 ndi akatswiri masauzande ambiri padziko lonse lapansi kuti alimbikitse njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito, yotchedwa Project CHIP (Connected Home over IP) protocol.
Monga mukuonera pa dzinalo, CHIP imagwira ntchito yolumikiza nyumbayo pogwiritsa ntchito ma protocol a IP. Protocol iyi idayambitsidwa ndi cholinga chowonjezera kuyanjana kwa chipangizocho, kupangitsa kuti chitukuko cha zinthu chikhale chosavuta, kukonza zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akukumana nazo komanso kupititsa patsogolo makampani.
Gulu logwira ntchito la CHIP litabadwa, dongosolo loyambirira linali lotulutsa muyezo mu 2020 ndikuyambitsa malonda mu 2021. Komabe, pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, dongosololi silinakwaniritsidwe.
Mu Meyi 2021, Zigbee Alliance inasintha dzina lake kukhala CSA (Connectivity Standards Alliance). Nthawi yomweyo, pulojekiti ya CHIP inasinthidwa kukhala Matter (kutanthauza "mkhalidwe, chochitika, nkhani" mu Chitchaina).
Bungwe la Alliance linasinthidwa dzina chifukwa mamembala ambiri sankafuna kulowa nawo Zigbee, ndipo CHIP inasinthidwa kukhala Matter, mwina chifukwa mawu akuti CHIP anali odziwika bwino (poyamba ankatanthauza "chip") ndipo anali osavuta kuwaphwanya.
Mu Okutobala 2022, CSA potsiriza idatulutsa mtundu 1.0 wa protocol ya Matter standard. Nthawi yochepa isanafike, pa 18 Meyi 2023, mtundu wa Matter 1.1 udatulutsidwanso.
Mamembala a CSA Consortium amagawidwa m'magawo atatu: Woyambitsa, Wotenga nawo mbali ndi Wolandira. Oyambitsa ali pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri, popeza ndi oyamba kutenga nawo mbali pakulemba protocol, ndi mamembala a Bungwe la Atsogoleri a Alliance ndipo amatenga nawo mbali pa utsogoleri ndi zisankho za Alliance.
Google ndi Apple, monga oimira oyambitsa, adathandizira kwambiri pakufotokozera koyambirira kwa Matter.
Google yapereka Weave (njira zovomerezeka zotsimikizira ndi malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito chipangizocho), pomwe Apple yaperekanso HAP Security (yolumikizirana kuyambira kumapeto mpaka kumapeto komanso kusintha kwa LAN yakomweko, kuonetsetsa kuti zachinsinsi ndi chitetezo zili zolimba).
Malinga ndi deta yaposachedwa patsamba lovomerezeka, mgwirizano wa CSA unayambitsidwa ndi makampani 29, omwe anali ndi anthu 282 ndi omwe adatenga nawo mbali 238.
Motsogozedwa ndi akuluakulu a makampaniwa, osewera m'makampaniwa akutumiza katundu wawo wanzeru ku Matter ndipo akudzipereka kumanga chilengedwe chogwirizana bwino.
Kapangidwe ka protocol ya Matter
Pambuyo pa nkhani yonseyi, kodi timamvetsa bwanji protocol ya Matter? Kodi ubale wake ndi Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Thread ndi Zigbee ndi wotani?
Osati mwachangu kwambiri, tiyeni tiwone chithunzi:
Iyi ndi chithunzi cha kapangidwe ka protocol: Wi-Fi, Thread, Bluetooth (BLE) ndi Ethernet ndi ma protocol omwe ali pansi pake (magawo olumikizirana ndi deta); mmwamba ndi layer ya netiweki, kuphatikiza ma protocol a IP; mmwamba ndi layer ya transport, kuphatikiza ma protocol a TCP ndi UDP; ndipo Matter protocol, monga tanenera kale, ndi application layer protocol.
Bluetooth ndi Zigbee zilinso ndi ma network apadera, mayendedwe ndi mapulogalamu, kuwonjezera pa ma protocol oyambira.
Chifukwa chake, Matter ndi protocol yogwirizana ndi Zigbee ndi Bluetooth. Pakadali pano, ma protocol okhawo omwe Matter amathandizira ndi Wi-Fi, Thread ndi Ethernet (Ethernet).
Kuwonjezera pa kapangidwe ka protocol, tifunika kudziwa kuti protocol ya Matter idapangidwa ndi filosofi yotseguka.
Ndi njira yotseguka yomwe ingawonedwe, kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kusinthidwa ndi aliyense kuti igwirizane ndi zochitika ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana za mapulogalamu, zomwe zingathandize kuti pakhale ubwino waukadaulo wowonekera bwino komanso wodalirika.
Chitetezo cha protocol ya Matter ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo waposachedwa kwambiri wobisa deta ndipo imathandizira kubisa deta kuchokera kumapeto mpaka kumapeto kuti zitsimikizire kuti mauthenga a ogwiritsa ntchito sakubedwa kapena kusokonezedwa.
Chitsanzo cha maukonde a Matter
Kenako, tikuyang'ana kulumikizana kwenikweni kwa Matter. Apanso, izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi chithunzi:
Monga momwe chithunzichi chikusonyezera, Matter ndi protocol yozikidwa pa TCP/IP, kotero Matter ndi chilichonse chomwe TCP/IP yagawidwa m'magulu.
Zipangizo za Wi-Fi ndi Ethernet zomwe zimathandizira protocol ya Matter zitha kulumikizidwa mwachindunji ku rauta yopanda zingwe. Zipangizo za ulusi zomwe zimathandizira protocol ya Matter zitha kulumikizidwanso ku ma netiweki ozikidwa pa IP monga Wi-Fi kudzera pa Border Routers.
Zipangizo zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi protocol ya Matter, monga Zigbee kapena zida za Bluetooth, zitha kulumikizidwa ku chipangizo chofanana ndi mlatho (Matter Bridge/Gateway) kuti zisinthe protocol kenako zilumikizidwe ku rauta yopanda zingwe.
Kupita patsogolo kwa mafakitale mu Matter
Zinthu ndi zomwe zikuchitika paukadaulo wanzeru wa nyumba. Motero, zakhala zikulandiridwa ndi anthu ambiri komanso kuthandizidwa kwambiri kuyambira pomwe zinayamba.
Makampaniwa ali ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu pa chitukuko cha Matter. Malinga ndi lipoti laposachedwa la kampani yofufuza za msika ya ABI Research, zipangizo zamakono zoposa 20 biliyoni zolumikizidwa popanda waya zidzagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira 2022 mpaka 2030, ndipo gawo lalikulu la mitundu iyi ya zipangizo lidzakwaniritsa zofunikira za Matter.
Pakadali pano Matter imagwiritsa ntchito njira yotsimikizira. Opanga amapanga zida zomwe zimafunika kuvomereza njira yotsimikizira ya CSA consortium kuti alandire satifiketi ya Matter ndikuloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito logo ya Matter.
Malinga ndi CSA, mfundo za Matter zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo monga ma control panel, maloko a zitseko, magetsi, masoketi, ma switch, masensa, ma thermostat, mafani, zowongolera nyengo, ma blinds ndi zida zojambulira, zomwe zikuphatikizapo zochitika zonse za nyumba yanzeru.
Ponena za mafakitale, makampaniwa ali kale ndi opanga angapo omwe zinthu zawo zadutsa satifiketi ya Matter ndipo zikulowa msika pang'onopang'ono. Kumbali ya opanga ma chip ndi ma module, palinso chithandizo champhamvu cha Matter.
Mapeto
Udindo waukulu wa Matter monga njira yolumikizirana ndi zinthu zina ndikuchotsa zopinga pakati pa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndi zachilengedwe. Anthu osiyanasiyana ali ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana pa Matter, ena amaona ngati mpulumutsi ndipo ena amaona ngati njira yopulumukira.
Pakadali pano, njira ya Matter ikadali pachiyambi pomwe ikuyamba kugulitsidwa ndipo ikukumana ndi mavuto ndi zovuta zina, monga kukwera mtengo komanso nthawi yayitali yokonzanso zida.
Mulimonsemo, izi zimadabwitsa zaka zosasangalatsa za makina anzeru apakhomo. Ngati makina akale akulepheretsa chitukuko cha ukadaulo ndikuchepetsa zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akukumana nazo, ndiye kuti tikufunika ukadaulo ngati Matter kuti uchitepo kanthu ndikuyamba ntchito yayikulu.
Kaya Matter ipambana kapena ayi, sitinganene motsimikiza. Komabe, ndi masomphenya a makampani onse anzeru okhala ndi nyumba komanso udindo wa kampani iliyonse ndi akatswiri mumakampaniwa kupatsa mphamvu ukadaulo wa digito m'moyo wapakhomo ndikuwongolera nthawi zonse momwe ogwiritsa ntchito amakhalira ndi moyo wa digito.
Tikukhulupirira kuti nyumba yanzeruyi posachedwa idzaswa maunyolo onse aukadaulo ndikufikadi m'nyumba iliyonse.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-29-2023