Mutu womwe tikambirane lero ukhudzana ndi nyumba zanzeru.
Pankhani ya nyumba zanzeru, palibe amene ayenera kuzidziwa.Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana lino, pomwe lingaliro la intaneti ya Zinthu lidabadwa koyamba, malo ofunikira kwambiri ogwiritsira ntchito, inali nyumba yanzeru.
Kwa zaka zambiri, ndikukula kosalekeza kwaukadaulo wa digito, zida zanzeru zochulukira zapanyumba zapangidwa.Zipangizozi zabweretsa moyo wabanja kukhala wosavuta komanso zawonjezera chisangalalo cha moyo.
Pakapita nthawi, mudzakhala ndi mapulogalamu ambiri pafoni yanu.
Inde, ili ndiye vuto lotchinga zachilengedwe lomwe lakhala likuvutitsa makampani anzeru kunyumba.
M'malo mwake, chitukuko chaukadaulo wa IoT chakhala chikudziwika ndi kugawikana.Zochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito zimagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana aukadaulo wa IoT.Ena amafunikira bandwidth yayikulu, ena amafunikira mphamvu zochepa, ena amangoyang'ana kukhazikika, ndipo ena amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mtengo.
Izi zapangitsa kusakanikirana kwa 2/3/4/5G, NB-IoT, eMTC, LoRa, SigFox, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Thread ndi matekinoloje ena olumikizirana.
Nyumba yanzeru, nayonso, ndi mawonekedwe a LAN, okhala ndi njira zazifupi zolumikizirana monga Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Thread, ndi zina zambiri, m'magulu osiyanasiyana ndikugwiritsa ntchito modutsa.
Kuphatikiza apo, monga nyumba zanzeru zimapangidwira ogwiritsa ntchito omwe si akatswiri, opanga amakonda kupanga nsanja zawo ndi mawonekedwe a UI ndikutengera ma protocol amtundu wa eni kuti awonetsetse kuti ogwiritsa ntchito akudziwa.Izi zapangitsa kuti pakhale "nkhondo yachilengedwe".
Zolepheretsa pakati pa zachilengedwe sizinangoyambitsa mavuto osatha kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, komanso kwa ogulitsa ndi opanga - kuyambitsa chinthu chomwecho kumafuna chitukuko cha zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana, kuonjezera kwambiri ntchito ndi ndalama.
Chifukwa vuto la zolepheretsa zachilengedwe ndizovuta kwambiri pa chitukuko cha nthawi yaitali cha nyumba zanzeru, makampani ayamba kuyesetsa kupeza njira yothetsera vutoli.
Kubadwa kwa Protocol ya Matter
Mu Disembala 2019, Google ndi Apple adalowa nawo mu Zigbee Alliance, kujowina Amazon ndi makampani opitilira 200 ndi akatswiri masauzande ambiri padziko lonse lapansi kuti alimbikitse protocol yatsopano, yotchedwa Project CHIP (Connected Home over IP).
Monga mukuwonera kuchokera ku dzinali, CHIP ili pafupi kulumikiza nyumba kutengera ma protocol a IP.Protocol iyi idakhazikitsidwa ndi cholinga chokulitsa kulumikizana kwa zida, kufewetsa kakulidwe kazinthu, kuwongolera luso la ogwiritsa ntchito ndikuyendetsa makampani patsogolo.
Gulu logwira ntchito la CHIP litatha kubadwa, dongosolo loyambirira linali kumasula muyezo mu 2020 ndikuyambitsa mankhwala mu 2021. Komabe, pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, dongosololi silinakwaniritsidwe.
Mu Meyi 2021, Zigbee Alliance idasintha dzina kukhala CSA (Connectivity Standards Alliance).Nthawi yomweyo, polojekiti ya CHIP idasinthidwa kukhala Matter (kutanthauza "zochitika, chochitika, nkhani" mu Chitchaina).
Mgwirizanowu udasinthidwanso chifukwa mamembala ambiri sanafune kulowa nawo Zigbee, ndipo CHIP idasinthidwa kukhala Matter, mwina chifukwa chakuti mawu akuti CHIP anali odziwika bwino (poyambirira amatanthauza "chip") komanso zosavuta kugwa.
Mu Okutobala 2022, CSA pomaliza idatulutsa mtundu 1.0 wa Matter standard protocol.Posakhalitsa izi zisanachitike, pa 18 Meyi 2023, mtundu wa Matter 1.1 udatulutsidwanso.
Mamembala a CSA Consortium agawidwa m'magawo atatu: Woyambitsa, Wotenga nawo mbali ndi Adopter.Oyambitsa ali pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri, pokhala oyamba kutenga nawo mbali pakukonza ndondomekoyi, ndi mamembala a Bungwe la Atsogoleri a Alliance ndipo amatenga nawo mbali pa utsogoleri ndi zisankho za Alliance.
Google ndi Apple, monga oimira oyambitsa, adathandizira kwambiri pakuwunikira koyambirira kwa Matter.
Google idapereka netiweki yake yomwe ilipo ya Smart Home ndi protocol ya pulogalamu ya Weave (gulu lamayendedwe ovomerezeka ndi malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito chipangizocho), pomwe Apple idathandizira HAP Security (yolumikizana mpaka kumapeto komanso kusokoneza LAN, kuwonetsetsa zachinsinsi komanso chitetezo champhamvu. ).
Malinga ndi zomwe zachitika posachedwa patsamba lovomerezeka, mgwirizano wa CSA udakhazikitsidwa ndi makampani onse 29, omwe adatenga nawo gawo 282 ndi 238 otengera.
Motsogozedwa ndi zimphonazi, osewera m'mafakitale akutumiza mwachangu katundu wawo waluso ku Matter ndipo akudzipereka kuti apange chilengedwe chogwirizana cholumikizidwa mosasunthika.
Matter's protocol architecture
Pambuyo pa zokambirana zonsezi, timamvetsetsa bwanji protocol ya Matter?Kodi ubale wake ndi Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Thread ndi Zigbee ndi wotani?
Osati mwachangu kwambiri, tiyeni tiwone chithunzi:
Ichi ndi chithunzi cha kamangidwe ka protocol: Wi-Fi, Thread, Bluetooth (BLE) ndi Ethernet ndizomwe zili pansi (zigawo za thupi ndi deta);m'mwamba ndi gawo la netiweki, kuphatikiza ma protocol a IP;m'mwamba ndi gawo la mayendedwe, kuphatikiza ma protocol a TCP ndi UDP;ndi Matter protocol, monga tanenera kale, ndi protocol wosanjikiza.
Bluetooth ndi Zigbee alinso ndi maukonde odzipatulira, zoyendera ndi magawo ogwiritsira ntchito, kuphatikiza pama protocol omwe ali pansi.
Chifukwa chake, Matter ndi protocol yolumikizana ndi Zigbee ndi Bluetooth.Pakadali pano, ma protocol okhawo omwe Matter amathandizira ndi Wi-Fi, Thread ndi Ethernet (Ethernet).
Kuphatikiza pa zomangamanga za protocol, tiyenera kudziwa kuti Protocol ya Matter idapangidwa ndi filosofi yotseguka.
Ndi protocol yotseguka yomwe ingathe kuwonedwa, kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kusinthidwa ndi aliyense kuti igwirizane ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito ndi zosowa, zomwe zidzalola kuti phindu laukadaulo la kuwonekera komanso kudalirika.
Chitetezo cha Protocol ya Matter ndichonso malo ogulitsa kwambiri.Imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo waposachedwa wa encryption ndipo imathandizira kubisa-kumapeto kuonetsetsa kuti kulumikizana kwa ogwiritsa ntchito sikubedwa kapena kusokonezedwa.
Matter's networking model
Kenako, timayang'ana maukonde enieni a Matter.Apanso, izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi chithunzi:
Monga momwe chithunzichi chikusonyezera, Matter ndi protocol yochokera ku TCP/IP, kotero Matter ndi chilichonse chomwe TCP/IP chagawidwa.
Zida za Wi-Fi ndi Efaneti zomwe zimathandizira protocol ya Matter zitha kulumikizidwa mwachindunji ku rauta yopanda zingwe.Zida za ulusi zomwe zimathandizira protocol ya Matter zitha kulumikizidwanso ndi maukonde ozikidwa pa IP monga Wi-Fi kudzera pa Border Routers.
Zipangizo zomwe sizigwirizana ndi protocol ya Matter, monga Zigbee kapena zida za Bluetooth, zitha kulumikizidwa ku chipangizo chamtundu wa mlatho (Matter Bridge/Gateway) kuti musinthe protocol ndikulumikizana ndi rauta yopanda zingwe.
Kupita patsogolo kwa mafakitale ku Matter
Matter akuyimira zomwe zikuchitika muukadaulo wakunyumba wanzeru.Momwemo, yalandira chisamaliro chofala ndi chithandizo chachangu kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa.
Makampaniwa ali ndi chiyembekezo chokhudza chitukuko cha Matter.Malinga ndi lipoti laposachedwa la kampani yofufuza zamsika ya ABI Research, zida zopitilira 20 biliyoni zolumikizidwa popanda zingwe zidzagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira 2022 mpaka 2030, ndipo gawo lalikulu la mitundu yazidazi lidzakwaniritsa zofunikira za Matter.
Matter pakadali pano amagwiritsa ntchito njira yotsimikizira.Opanga amapanga zida zomwe zimayenera kudutsa njira yotsimikizira za CSA consortium kuti alandire satifiketi ya Matter ndikuloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito logo ya Matter.
Malinga ndi CSA, mafotokozedwe a Matter adzagwira ntchito pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yazida monga zowongolera, zotsekera zitseko, magetsi, soketi, masiwichi, masensa, ma thermostats, mafani, owongolera nyengo, akhungu ndi zida zapa media, zomwe zikukhudza pafupifupi zochitika zonse nyumba yanzeru.
Mwanzeru zamakampani, makampaniwa ali kale ndi opanga angapo omwe zinthu zawo zadutsa Chiphaso cha Matter ndipo pang'onopang'ono akulowa msika.Kumbali ya opanga ma chip ndi ma module, palinso chithandizo champhamvu cha Matter.
Mapeto
Ntchito yayikulu ya Matter ngati protocol yapamwamba ndikuchotsa zotchinga pakati pa zida zosiyanasiyana ndi zachilengedwe.Anthu osiyanasiyana ali ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana pa Matter, ena amawona ngati mpulumutsi ndipo ena amawona ngati slate yoyera.
Pakalipano, Protocol ya Matter idakali kumayambiriro kwa kubwera kumsika ndipo mochuluka kapena pang'ono akukumana ndi mavuto ndi zovuta zina, monga ndalama zokwera mtengo komanso nthawi yayitali yokonzanso katundu wa zipangizo.
Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, zimabweretsa zododometsa zaka zosasangalatsa zamakina aukadaulo apanyumba.Ngati dongosolo lakale likulepheretsa chitukuko cha teknoloji ndikuchepetsa luso la wogwiritsa ntchito, ndiye kuti timafunikira matekinoloje monga Matter kuti apite patsogolo ndikugwira ntchito yaikulu.
Kaya zinthu zidzayenda bwino kapena ayi, sitinganene motsimikiza.Komabe, ndi masomphenya a bizinesi yonse yapanyumba yanzeru komanso udindo wa kampani iliyonse ndi akatswiri pantchitoyi kupatsa mphamvu ukadaulo wapa digito m'moyo wapakhomo ndikusintha mosalekeza moyo wapa digito wa ogwiritsa ntchito.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti nyumba yanzeru posachedwa ithyola maunyolo onse aukadaulo ndikulowa mnyumba iliyonse.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-29-2023